What is the Difference? – Pigments vs Dyes

Ever wondered about the type of colours used in cosmetics. Based on the applications, cosmetic colours also known as colourant are classified into two types, dyes and pigments. Understanding the difference between cosmetic dyes and cosmetic pigments helps to choose the appropriate colourant for cosmetic manufacturers.

How different is the colouring process for cosmetic dyes and cosmetic pigments?

• The process of dyeing involves physical and chemical reactions. Pigments are colour particles that require a binding or dispersion agent to bind to the surface of the material to be coloured.
• Dyes have molecules that are smaller than pigment particles.
• Dyes are soluble in water and in certain types of solvents such as oil, alcohol, glycerine etc. Pigments are insoluble in water and many other solvents.
• Molecular study is required in choosing the dyes while it is not required in pigments. Crystal structure, particle properties, surface area & absorption, binder type and application are considered in the selection process of a pigment. Quantity of pigment to be used also makes a difference for products.

Key facts about Dyes

• Dyes can be organic or synthetic dyes. Organic dyes are obtained from natural resources.
• Brighter colours can be obtained through dyes.
• Dyes showcase poor fastness to light.
• Special-purpose Dyes can have properties such as heat-resistance, UV resistance, weather resistance etc.

Key facts about Cosmetic Pigments

• Cosmetic pigments are further divided into organic pigments and inorganic pigments. Organic pigments are of three types namely- Lakes, toners and true pigments. Inorganic pigments are made of different chemical types such as chromium dioxides, iron oxides, ultramarines etc.
• Organic pigments have high color strength while inorganic ones have weak colour strength.
• Bright shades can be obtained through organic pigments compared to dull shades by inorganic pigments.

Dyes are generally used for making hair dyes, lipsticks etc. Pigments such as oxides and more are used for giving vibrant shades to nail paints, blushes, face powders etc. In certain cases, it is possible to combine pigments and dyes for specific applications. Specific dyes and pigments are approved or restricted for use in cosmetics for application in certain body areas or cosmetic types. Dyes and Pigment manufacturers conduct tests and follow international standards with the prescribed amount of ingredients to ensure safe application of the colourants.

Natural colours derived from natural sources do not need to be certified in most places across the world. Synthetic organic colours have to be certified though. Reputed dyes and pigment manufacturers are aware of these certifications and laws for cosmetic colours that prevail in different parts of the world.

Koel Colours is a leading manufacturer of cosmetic colourants including cosmetic dyes, organic pigments and inorganic pigments. Since every cosmetic needs a specific colourant, Koel colours can lend their expertise to clients for choosing the compatible colours as per their needs.

Cosmetics are chosen based on colours most of the time. Any suggestions on selection of colours for cosmetics? Which cosmetic colour works well for you and why?

Koel is the author of this article on cosmetic dyes in india here.