Vitamins: What are they and what do they do?
Author: Handling Emotions
Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in small quantities to sustain life. Most vitamins need to come from food.
Here are the different types of vitamins
Vitamin A
Chemical names: Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids, including beta carotene.
- It is fat soluble.
- Deficiency may cause night-blindness and keratomalacia, an eye disorder that results in a dry cornea.
- Good sources include: Liver, cod liver oil, carrots, broccoli, sweet potato, butter, kale, spinach, pumpkin, collard greens, some cheeses, egg, apricot, cantaloupe melon, and milk.
Vitamin B
Chemical name: thiamine.
- It is water soluble.
- Deficiency may cause beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
- Good sources include: yeast, pork, cereal grains, sunflower seeds, brown rice, whole-grain rye, asparagus, kale, cauliflower, potatoes, oranges, liver, and eggs.
Vitamin C
Chemical name: Ascorbic acid
- It is water soluble.
- Deficiency may cause megaloblastic anemia.
- Good sources include: fruit and vegetables. The Kakadu plum and the camu camu fruit have the highest vitamin C contents of all foods. Liver also has high levels. Cooking destroys vitamin C
Vitamin D
Chemical names: Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol.
- It is fat soluble.
- Deficiency may cause rickets and osteomalacia, or softening of the bones.
- Good sources: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) through sunlight or other sources causes vitamin D to be produced in the skin. Also found in fatty fish, eggs, beef liver, and mushrooms.
Vitamin E
Chemical names: Tocopherols, tocotrienols
- It is fat soluble.
- Deficiency is uncommon, but it may cause hemolytic anemia in newborns. This is a condition where blood cells are destroyed and removed from the blood too early.
- Good sources include: Kiwi fruit, almonds, avocado, eggs, milk, nuts, leafy green vegetables, unheated vegetable oils, wheat germ, and whole-grains.
Vitamin K
Chemical names: Phylloquinone, menaquinones
- It is fat soluble.
- Deficiency may cause bleeding diathesis, an unusual susceptibility to bleeding.
- Good sources include: leafy green vegetables, avocado, kiwi fruit. Parsley contains a lot of vitamin K.