Generator Synchronizing Panel Boards

Author: Wilson Carlo

WHY IS GENERATOR SYNCHRONIZATION NEEDED?

Generator synchronization is the process of synchronizing the phase angle and frequency of the generators in a power system. This is necessary for the proper operation of a power system because the generators need to be connected in such a way that they are in phase with each other and operating at the same frequency. If the generators are not synchronized, there can be power fluctuations, loss of power, and damage to equipment. Synchronization also ensures that the power generated by the generators is distributed in a balanced and controlled manner throughout the system to meet the load demand. This is important for maintaining the stability and reliability of the power system.

Generator Synchronization Principle of operation

The principle of operation of generator synchronization involves comparing the phase angle and frequency of the generator to be synchronized with that of the bus to which it is to be connected.

The process of synchronization typically involves the following steps:

  1. The voltage and frequency of the generator to be synchronized are adjusted so that they match those of the bus.

  2. The phase angle of the generator is adjusted so that it is in phase with the bus.

  3. A synchronization signal is sent from the generator to the bus indicating that it is ready to be connected.

  4. The breaker of the generator is closed, and it is connected to the bus.

Once the generator is synchronized and connected to the bus, its output power is automatically controlled by the power system to maintain the correct frequency and voltage level in the system and to meet the load demand.

The above process is automatically controlled by a synchronizing device that constantly measures the frequency and phase angle of the generator and the bus, compares them, and adjusts the generator accordingly. This device is also known as a Synchronizer or Synchronizing Unit.

It's important to note that synchronizing multiple generators is a bit more complex, but it follows the same principle.

Protection Level of Generator Synchronization

Generator synchronization is a critical process that must be protected to ensure the safe and reliable operation of a power system. Protection against synchronization-related faults is typically provided at several levels, including:

  1. Primary protection: This level of protection is designed to detect and isolate faults that occur within the generator itself, such as winding failures, rotor ground faults, and other internal problems. These protections are usually located inside the generator and are designed to trip the generator breaker quickly in case of a fault.

  2. Secondary protection: This level of protection is designed to detect and isolate faults that occur outside the generator, such as a fault on the transmission line connecting the generator to the bus. These protections are usually located at the breaker connecting the generator to the transmission line and are designed to trip the breaker quickly in case of a fault.

  3. Backup protection: This level of protection is intended to detect and isolate faults in case the primary and secondary protections fail to do so. These protections are usually located at the generator terminal or the point where a generator is connected to the grid and are designed to trip the generator breaker quickly in case of a fault.

  4. Supervisory protection: This level of protection is intended to monitor and control the generator protection and control system. It ensures that all protection and control functions are working correctly and provides alarms, trip signals, and other supervisory functions.

In addition to the above protection levels, a monitoring system is also used to continuously monitor the generator's performance, such as the voltage and frequency, to detect any abnormal conditions that could lead to failure.

It's important to note that the protection level might vary depending on the Generator type and location, but the overall goal is to ensure the stability and security of the power system. Read more.