Beams and Columns: Major Differences And Similarities Between The Two

Beams and Columns: Major Differences And Similarities Between The Two Both beams and columns are important parts of the construction industry. Although both columns and beams are designed to carry and transfer load, that is where their similarities end. Beams are horizontal members that run between supports and transmit loads to columns, whereas columns are vertical members that support the structure's compressive stresses and transfer them to the foundation. This article compares them both and looks into their different types, uses and advantages.What Is A Beam? A beam in a horizontal structure which transfers load across its length. It is a sleeping structure that carries weight from the ceiling and transfers it to the columns. As they are constructed to withstand high loads at their ends, beams can span for longer distances and create open spaces. They can resist bending and shear forces better than a column and are more flexible. They are also highly adaptable in design and construction.What Are The Different Types Of Beams?Beams can be classified into various categories based on their support conditions, construction materials, cross-sectional shapes, geometry, equilibrium conditions, and methods of construction.• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Support Conditions Simply Supported Beam Fixed Beam Cantilever Beam Continuous Beam• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Construction Materials Reinforced Concrete Beams Steel Beams Timber Beams Composite Beams• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Cross-Sectional Shapes Rectangular Beams T-Section Beams L-Section beamso Square Beamo Rectangular Beamo Circular Beamo Tubular Beamo I-Beamo H-Beamo C-Beam• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Geometry Straight Beam Curved beam Tapered Beam• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Equilibrium Conditions Statically Determinate Beam Statically Indeterminate Beam• Different Types Of Beams Based On Their Methods Of Construction Cast In-Situ Concrete Beam Precast Concrete Beam Prestressed Concrete Beam• Other Deep Beam GirderUses Of Beams1. Be able to withstand loads2. Balance bending moment and shear pressures.3. Join the frame together.4. Ensuring that load loads are distributed uniformly.5. Use shear force to benefit from it.6. Prevent shear failures.What Is A Column? A column or pillar is a vertical structural element used to safely transfer the force of the load from above to the foundation. They are very important in construction as they enable the structure to remain standing. Columns are used in order to support the different beams. It is because of the use of columns that multi-floored structures are constructed. What Are The Different Types Of Columns?The different columns used in construction can be distinguished into different groups based on their type of reinforcement, type of loading, slenderness ratio, shape and construction material.• Different Types Of Columns Based On Their Type Of Reinforcement Tied Column Spiral Column Composite Column• Different Types Of Columns Based On Their Type Of Loading Axially Loaded Column Column With Uniaxial Eccentric Loading Column With Biaxial Eccentric Loading• Different Types Of Columns Based On Their Slenderness Ratio Short Column Long Column• Different Types Of Columns Based On Their Shape Rectangular Column Circular Column L-Shaped Column T-Shaped Column Shape Of Steel Column Shape Of Composite Column• Different Types Of Columns Based On Their Construction Material Reinforced Concrete Column Steel Column Timber Column Brick Column Stone Column Uses Of Columns1. To provide structural reinforcement2. To transit compressive loads3. To provide support to multi-storey structuresWhat Are The Differences Between A Beam And A ColumnBeams Columns1. It is a horizontal structural unit 1) It is a vertical structural unit2. It carries load perpendicularly to its longitudinal direction 2) Carries load perpendicularly to its longitudinal direction3. Has a minimum width of 200mm 3) Has a minimum width of 200mm but needs a minimum of 300 mm to withstand a minor earthquake4. Bears the weight of the slabs, floors, and roofs, and transfers it to the columns 4) Takes the load from the beams and transfers it to the foundation5. Is supported by columns 5) Is entirely erected from the foundation6. The requirement for steel in a beam varies from 0.2% to 2.5% 6) The requirement of steel in a column varies from 0.8% to 5%7. Is cast with the slab 7) Is cast in small batches8. Is constructed to carry bending and shear forces 8) Is constructed to resist compression load9. Failure occurs by giving signs over a period of time 9) Can fail suddenly by simply collapsing10. A structure can still be constructed without a beam 10) A structure cannot be constructed without a columnConclusion Beams and columns are both a very essential part of construction and have varied uses. They differ in term of traits, forms and purposes. Ultimately, if both beams and columns aren’t used, the structure may not be able to support its weight and collapse.

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