A Guide To Lathe Machines

One of the most common processes in metal cutting is turning. During this process, the work piece is rotated about its axis while the single-point cutting tools are used to tear away the unwanted part and create the desired shapes and contours. Lathe is a basic turning tool that is used for reshaping, machining and manufacturing of precision shaped cylindrical components made from different materials such as wood, plastics, metal and other materials.

Introduction to Lathe Machine

The shaping of the metal is done by causing the work piece to be held and rotated by lathe while the cutting tool is advanced into them cause the cutting action. The Lathe Machines were typically used to produce cylindrical shapes but later they were developed to produce screw threads, drilled holes, tapered work, crankshafts and knurled surfaces. A typical lathe can operate on varying rotating speeds with automatic and manual insertion of cutting tool into the work piece.

Types of Lathe Machines

Lathe Machines are classified into three categories for easy identification: Engine Lathes, Turret Lathes, and Special Purpose Lathes. Using these lathes, the operators can accomplish various machining jobs. Small lathes are bench mounted, lightweight and can be easily transported on wheels. While the larger ones are floor mounted and require special transportation methods in order to move them.

• Engine Lathes- Field and maintenance shops generally use engine lathes as they can be adapted to many operations. They are also easy and convenient to move from one place to another which makes them suitable for the purpose.
• Turret Lathes- They are used for high speed production of the duplicate parts. Due to the presence of a hexagonal turret, or multiple tool holder in place of the tailstock found on the engine lathes, they are known as turret lathes.
• Special Purpose Lathes- They are designed to perform some special task which the engine lathes cannot perform. They are mostly used in heavy production type where large numbers of specialized or identical parts are produced. They are more economical and specialized to machine only specific items while they cannot perform other lathe operations.

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