These are Classification of Air Compressors Based on Different Applications

Apart from the different types of air compressors available in market catering different needs, these types are also classified on the basis of number of stages, drives, and many other applications. Let’s discuss some of the major types in detail.

1.Number of compression stages

If a work requires a low delivery pressure, then a single-stage compression is enough to achieve the desired pressure. However, if the pressure required is around 10 bar or more, then it becomes increasingly difficult for a single-stage compression to reach and deliver as per demand. For this purpose, a two-stage compression is used. Hence, it can be concluded that higher the pressure required, the higher the number of stages will go. Does not matter if it is a rotary compressor or a reciprocated one, the above applied rule remains the same.

2.Medium and cooling method

Air compressors can either be cooled by water, ambient air, and oil in some cases. Low capacity compressors are easily cooled by using ambient air that takes away the heat from cylinder units to acquire near perfect isothermal conditions.

However, it should be noted that using ambient air also comes with its own limitations. For example, as the number of stages or compression pressure ratio increases, the amount of heat produced is also high which makes cooling difficult for the air. In this scenario, the water cooling method is used. Water is forced to go under pressure across the cylinder walls to extract a large amount of heat, thus providing cooling. There are some special purpose compressors which do not support even the water method. These types use oil to achieve cooling.

3.Driving methods and prime movers

Compressors are always presented with a plethora of options of choosing prime movers. Typical prime movers used are diesel engines, electric motors, and sometimes turbines. Electric motors are most preferred choice as they are well-suited for automatic starting and stopping along with loading and unloading sequence. Normally, turbines prime movers are not preferred due to their design complications.

No matter which prime mover is used, compressors are also classified on the basis of movement transmitters such as gear trains, belt drives, direct coupled and clutches. Compressors are usually found direct coupled with a prime mover. Whereas, belt drives are opted to fit with small, portable compressors.

4.Lubrication method

Small compressors are usually operated by splash type lubrication method. But as the compressor size increases, the splash lubrication no longer works effective and a separate lubricating pump is needed powered by the compressor itself. This oil pump acquires suction from inside the crankcase through a suction strainer. The oil is then supplied under pressure to different parts of the compressor via drilled holes. This is termed as forced lubrication. There are some compressors that do not use oil for lubrication. These compressors are used for special purpose such as filling air in breathing apparatus.

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