Material Handling Designs

Material Handling Design

Parameters of Design of crane are:

1. Maximum Load
2. Span of the crane
3. Height from Floor to Gantry Rail Level
4. Class of work of the crane
5. Headroom
6. End clearance
7. Operating Speeds Under Loaded Condition

Maximum Load:

The maximum load is the need of a customer and must be clearly specified. A design of almost all the crane components is influenced by this parameter. In some cases, it is necessary to arrange for a second hoisting machinery called the auxiliary hoist, to take a lighter load. If the load at which the crane is operated in general is less than the maximum load, an auxiliary hoist may be used. Cranes needed for power plant maintenance is an example of such cases where auxiliary hoist might be fitted. For a different reason, auxiliary hoist may be fitted with cranes needed for foundries, steel casting shop handling ladles containing molten metal. In these industries, the main hoist of the crane is used for hoisting the ladle that has the molten metal, while the auxiliary hoist is used to lift the ladle slowly to pour the liquid into the mold.

An auxiliary hoist machinery has a completely separate hoist mechanism built on a second crab which might run either above or below the crab of the main hoist. The auxiliary hoist has less capacity than the main.

Span of the Crane:

The distance between the center to center of the gantry rails over which wheels of the bridge move. The fraction of the gantry rails should also be specified for the design of the wheels of the bridge.

Height from Floor to Gantry Rail Level:

To arrange for the correct height of lift this should be specified. If the crane is needed to lift out of large holes or from below the floor level, particulars must be specified.

Classification:

For the purpose of the design of their frames, every crane and hoist are classified with respect to the frequency of application, variation of the magnitude of the load and the effect of impact.

Cranes are divided into four classes.

Light duty cranes are class I type.

Heaviest duty cranes come under class 4 type.

Light duty and Heavy duty cranes are recognized by the working period, effective load and dynamic effect.

This classification is applicable to the entire crane.

The working period is short if the crane is operated for less than 500 hours per year. The effective load is high if the crane is used to lift loads greater than two third of its safe working load on more than one thousand occasions per year.

Headroom:

The clear height available from the gantry rail level to the lowest overhead obstruction. This should be specified by the customer.

Operating speeds under Loaded Condition:

The operating speeds of m/min for the main hoist, auxiliary hoist, and long travel should usually be specified by the customer.

Apart from the above mentioned important parameters the customer must also specify the following particulars:

• Electrical details

• Voltage,

• Number of phases,

• Frequency,

• Electrical control

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