Components Of A Power Cable

Power Cables are installed in buildings, buried in grounds and also run overhead for the transmission of power. They can be best defined as an assembly of two or more electrical cables that are held together with a sheath. They come in different sizes, types and materials to suit different purposes though the basic composition or construction remains the same.

Components of Power Cables:

Conductor

Power Cables are usually constructed with stranded copper or aluminum. Copper is comparatively more dense and heavy and is also more conductive than aluminum. The cross-sectional area of aluminum conductors is approximately 1.6 times larger than copper. Through annealing, which is process of heating and cooling the conductor material, the material is made more malleable and less brittle. The surface of conductor is coated with tin, nickel, silver or lead alloy to prevent sticking of the conductor and to prevent its deterioration at high temperature.

Conductor Screen

This is a semi-conducting tape that is used to maintain the uniform electric field and to minimize electrostatic stresses.

Insulation

Cables or wires that have to be used for power supply of approximately 10kV or more are generally insulated using paper and oil. Nowadays, the high voltage Power Cables are insulated using polyethylene or polymers. Such cables are insulated using special methods for terminating and jointing.

Conductor Sheath

A conductor sheath or shield is typically made of copper tape or lead alloy. It is used to keep the electromagnetic radiations inside and also provides a path for leakage currents. The sheath is earthed at one cable end. Lead sheaths have a better earth fault capacity than copper.

Filler

The interstices of insulated conductor bundle are filled using fillers of soft polymer.

Inner Sheath

It is usually made of thermoplastic or thermosetting to keep the bundle stacked together.

Individual Screen

It is applied over the insulated conductor bundles to shield them against noise or radiation. The screen is typically made of metallic or semi-metallic tape.

Armor

It is made of mainly steel, though phosphor bronze or tinned copper braid can also be used at times. It is used for the mechanical protection of conductors.

Outer Sheath

It is applied over the armor for overall protection from weather, chemicals etc. It is usually made of thermoplastic or thermosetting compound. Length markings can be found on the outer sheath.

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