Stem Cells Treatment for Diabetes Hope for Patients

According to the recent advances, stem cells generated in advance national US laboratory, in collaboration with International Space Station, have exhibited to be promising advancements in generating insulin producing beta cells, to be helpful as a potential treatment for type 1 Diabetes. Scientists are further interested in finding ways to cure silent sugar disease, through the application of regenerative science; either by producing beta cells or by creating environment through stem cells that will indirectly support the production of beta cells. In both the cases, stem cells are identified to be as the lead players.

Diabetes is a devastating, autoimmune metabolic disorder affecting millions of people in the world. It is being categorically distinguished into two major types, 1 & 2; depending upon their functional attributes. As in, type 1 diabetes is often associated with aberrant destruction of insulin producing beta cells, causing sugar molecule to accumulate in the blood, due to unavailability of its transporter to cell, the hormone insulin. Whereas, type 2 diabetes, is associated with insulin resistance due to which various important organs of the body, fail to respond insulin action; adding up to the progressive decline in the functional production of insulin, through beta cells. Through conventional medication, the only treatment that is being offered to overcome the issue, is steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines to reduce further loss of beta cells and/or insulin, along with supportive sugar free diet to keep blood sugar within its range.

However, since long researchers were struggling to find an alternative, cost effective cellular solution as a potential strategy to treat diabetes, whether type 1 as well as type 2. Accordingly, they have developed a great interest in unlocking the mysteries of diabetes through possible expansion as well as exploration of stem cells therapies. It has been apparent that stem cells are an appropriately viable option to reverse cellular damage, associated with a particular cell type. Theoretically, stem cells have found to respond through molecular signals, in the local environment through differentiation of desired beta cells.

Stem cells are the tiny master cells, with the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types upon subjected through proper signalling pathways. This potential ability of stem cells has been exploited by the medical science to treat diabetes. These stem cells have been found to be laying in their dormancy in different autologous tissues of the body, which can be isolated and enriched in better numbers in a controlled condition for preparing them to inject locally at the site of injury. It has been evident through variety of experiments honouring autologous application of stem cells to be effectively utilized for their differentiation into insulin producing beta cells, regulating immune regulatory cells to avoid immune destruction of self-tissues and further promote a favourable microenvironment to stimulate residential stem cells for being active against self-differentiation. In this regard, many clinical studies have been performed to assess clinical safety and treatment efficacy of stem cells therapy for diabetes in obtaining effective treatment outcome.

Although, more and more mechanism is on the way to standardize effective treatment outcome for curing silent metabolic disorders, like diabetes; with the current knowledge and technological establishment, it has been found to be the best possible option.

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