CAR-T Therapy Was Firstly Used in CNS Clinical Tri

CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Immunotherapy) is a new cell therapy that has been turning up for years but only been improved in clinical use in recent years. Known as one of the most promising cancer treatment, this therapy has a significant effect on the treatment of acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. As with all technologies, CAR-T technology has also undergone a long evolutionary process and it is in this series of evolution that CAR-T technology is gradually making for maturity.

The key to this new therapeutic strategy is the identification of artificial receptors of target cells called for the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and, after gene modification, the patient's T cells are able to express the CAR. In human clinical trials, scientists extracted some of the T cells in the patient through a dialysis-like process and then genetically modified them in the lab to introduce the gene encoding the CAR so that the T cells could express this new receptor. These genetically modified T cells proliferate in the laboratory, then they are infused back into the patient's body. These T cells utilize their expressed CAR receptors to bind to molecules on the surface of target cells, and this binding triggers the production of the internal signal, which is so potent to activate these T cells that they rapidly destroy the target cell.

In addition to being used to treat acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, CAR-T immunotherapy has also been used in recent years to treat diseases such as solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, HIV infection and transplant rejection.

In a recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital published success cases using a new and immune-based treatment regimen. The experimental results show that CAR-T therapy can significantly reduce the brain deterioration in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This is the first time ever that the CAR-T regimen has been used to treat CNS lymphoma.

In addition, when subcutaneous tumors begin to relapse after two months of CART therapy, the researchers can activate CAR-T cell re-amplification through biopsy to inhibit tumor progression. Although the patient died of a tumor recurrence a year after receiving CAR-T Therapy treatment, the brain tumor never relapsed.

In this study, the researchers used T cells from patients to express chimeric receptor molecules that recognize Cd19(specifically expressed on the surface of B-cell carcinoma or B-cell lymphoma). The patient, a 68-year-old woman, had no previous positive response to routine chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. At the time of her trial, a new cancerous lesion had developed in the right frontal lobe of her brain.

Within one year of receiving CAR-T, patients experienced a complete decline in brain lesions and new lesions two months later were also inhibited by CAR-T cells. Blood tests showed that there was a clear correlation between CD19 CAR T cells and tumor regression. Although previous studies have shown that CAR-T cells can be activated by immune-related drugs, this study for the first time demonstrates that biopsies can do the same thing.

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