Different Types of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are drugs made up of a chemical compound released by certain micro-organisms that helps in killing and inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the host. These drugs belong to the broader family of antimicrobial medications that include anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-parasitic drugs, etc. Antibiotics are one of the most commonly prescribed medicines by the doctors all over the world as they are absolutely safe and effective medications for the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. There are different types of antibiotics that are used to cure different infections. Some of them are mentioned below.

Macrolides

Macrolide Antibiotics belong to the class of erythromycin-like antibiotics. These drugs instantly combine with the ribosomes present in the blood and thus, prevent the bacterial production in the body. They are slightly more effective in killing the bacteria when compared to other drugs like penicillin and cephalosporins, and have lesser side-effects. They are commonly used for the treatment of respiratory infections, blood infections, genital problems and gastrointestinal infections.

Cephalosporins

These drugs are known for their negative antimicrobial properties and they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell membrane. These drugs are extensively used for surgical prophylaxis and for the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillitis, bronchitis, strep throat, skin infections, otitis media, gonorrhea, etc. These drugs are further classified into first, second, third and fourth generations on the basis of their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones

These drugs have been proven effective in the prevention of various bacterial infections and thus they are also included in the family of ‘broad-spectrum’ antibiotics. They restrict the ability of the bacteria to multiply by interfering with their DNA. It is used to treat many respiratory infections, urinary disorders, pneumonia, sinusitis, etc.

Penicillins

Penicillins prohibit the development of bacterial cell membranes by breaking them down and then, gradually killing them. They are considered one of the safest antibiotics and are used to treat several bacterial infections such as skin allergies, ear infections, dental infections, urinary tract infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis, gonorrhea, etc.

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines are one of recently invented antibiotics but they have gained rapid popularity in pharmacy due to their high effectiveness and instant reaction against bacteria. They are used to cure mild acne, lyme disease, typhus, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.

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