An Introduction To Holography

Holography is a technique which is used to create three dimensional images. It is done using laser, interference, light intensity recording and diffraction. The image keeps on changing with the change in position and orientation of the viewing system. It changes as if the object was present and makes it appear three dimensional. A hologram is a three dimensional image which is formed by the interference of light beams from a laser or any other coherent light source. There are two types of holograms:

Reflection holograms

In a reflection hologram, three dimensional images are seen near the surface. It is the most common type of hologram which is shown in galleries. The hologram is illuminated by a white incandescent light which is held at a specific angle and is located on the viewer’s side of the hologram.

Transmission holograms

These holograms are viewed using the laser light of the same type which is used to make the recording. The light is directed from behind the hologram and the image is transmitted to the observer’s side. The virtual image is very sharp and deep. If this hologram breaks into pieces, one can still see the entire scene through each piece.

Origin Of Holography

Holography originated in 1947 from the theory of holography which was presented by scientist Dennis Gabor while he was working to improve the resolution of an electron microscope. Gabor coined the term hologram from the Greek word Holos, meaning "whole". Further development in this theory was blocked till the next decade as the light sources available at that time were not truly coherent. The barriers were overcome in 1960 by Russian scientists who invented laser which was ideal for making holograms.

With time, holographic artists increased their knowledge and started contributing to this technology and the creative process. This art form has gone popular across the globe with major exhibitions that are being held throughout.

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