Types Of Forging Processes

Forging is one of the processes in the metal working industry used for creating different shapes by means of hammering or pressing. It is among the oldest means of shaping metals into sizes ranging from a bolt to a turbine. Forging process holds merit over the casting process as the parts formed by this process have denser microstructure, less porosity and more defined grain structure. Most of the materials can be forged but they can have different forging ratings. Aluminum, copper and magnesium are the most forgeable materials of all.

There are many kinds of forging processes used for forming metals including the Roll Forging, Swaging, Cogging, Open-Die Forging, Impression-Die drop hammer forging, press forging, upset forging, etc. Some of them are explained below:

• Open-die Drop-hammer Forging – This type of forging is also known as smith forging. In this process, the hammer comes down to deform the workpiece placed on a stationary anvil. The die in this process does not enclose the workpiece and allows free motion except when it is contact with the die. Hence, in order to get the desired shape, the operator needs to position or orient the workpiece. It usually uses the flat shaped dies but in specialized applications, specially shaped surface can also be used like round, concave and convex surface. It is mostly used for art smithing and custom work but can be used to rough shape the ingots.

• Press Forging - It bears resemblance with the drop hammer forging process but forges the product by continuously applying pressure or force. The main advantage of this process is that it can completely deform the workpiece, while in the drop hammer forging only the surface of the workpiece in contact with the hammer is deformed. Press forging is used to perform all types of forging even the open-die and impression-die forging.

• Roll Forging - It is a type of forging in which the flat or round bar is reduced in thickness and increased in length. This process is done with the help of two cylindrical and semi-cylindrical rolls. The bar is first inserted into the rolls as the rolling bar shapes the products. So, the products are totally shaped as they come out of the rolling machine.

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Author is representing this article on behalf of Sisodia Enterprises. Sisodia Enterprises is one of the reliable Industrial Hydraulic Oil Supplier Based in Jharkhand.