Underwater pipeline

Offshore

Offshore pipelines (off the coast) are referred to as pipelines that largely run underwater on the ocean floor. During construction, longer pipe pieces are welded together on board a special vessel to the pipeline, from where it hangs in a wide arc down to the bottom of the sea. In order for it to fall better, it is partially complained to by a concrete layer, which is equipped with a wire mesh reinforcement. For bending relief, the anchored vehicle draws with a tensioner – a clamping and feeding device similar to two track chains – on the pipeline, this tensioner tightens the pipeline and can move it axially under tensile load. With intelligent control, it also balances the axial oscillations that could lead to the pipeline.

Launcher and Receiver design Services

If the pipeline is produced in a horizontal position, it is carried out on rolls over a circular arched support structure called Stinger, and calls this – according to the S-curve of the pipe – the "s-method" (English S-lay). If the pipeline is made in an inclined position to avoid a bending moment on the ship, only a very short stinger or no one is needed, and this is called the "J-Method" (English J-Lay). Pipe layer, i.e. special work vessels, are used for laying, such as the Castoro sei (S-Lay), the SAIPEM 7000 or the DCV Balder (both J-Lay); The biggest pipe layer in the world is the solitaire.

In the "Reel Barge" or "R" method (R-Lay), longer piping sections are delivered in rolled-up form and reeled off, a dreaded damage case is the bending-dent-failure (English buckling) when a pipeline is being set, with Larger ocean depths the large hydrostatic pressure compresses the pipeline. At worst, it can also run full of sea water and multiply its effective weight (English wet buckling).

Offshore pipelines not only bridge the seas, such as the Transmed or the Galsi, but also connect offshore oil and gas fields to the mainland, such as the pipeline Ekofisk-Emden (Europipe).

1944, British engineers built two submarine pipelines from Great Britain to northern France to transport fuel for the rapid advance of the Western allies through France towards the front, as suitable ports for large tankers at that time were not yet in Allied hands (see Operation Pluto).

Pipelines Ashore

The construction of pipelines on land is also highly mechanized, with various special machines (similar to the above) for digging the trench into which the pipe is laid, for laying and joining the lines, before the routing of the pipes, pieces of about 500 m length are Welded together and tested the weld seams.

A peculiarity arises when crossing roads or waterways. While a corresponding bore (drilling) is carried out under the roadway in the streets, culverts are used for non-wide watercourses.

Rivers and valleys, but also paths, especially in chemical plants, can also be overcome with pipe bridges; In some cases, such as the Graz gas pipe footbridge, a footbridge built for a town gas line – over the Mur – also leads a walking and cycling path.

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