Pharmacotherapy for endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders

Gout

Gout medication comprises pain reliefs so that the patient can cope with the pain in cases of the gout attack. Apart from the use of medication, patients are also expected to make lifestyle changes as means of preventing further attack. In cases of the gout attack, a patient is expected to take the prescribed medication as early as possible so that the medication effects can work in 2 to 3 days. The patient will then raise and rest the limb. He or she should avoid damaging or knocking the infected knee and ensure that he is well hydrated at all times. Some of the common medications for gout are as follows:

NSAIDS are the Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs recommendation is for the first time treatment of gout attack. The NSAIDS work by reducing inflammation and pain during an attack. Some types of NSAIDs for treating gout comprise of etoricoxib, diclofenac, and naproxen. When a patient is taking NSAIDS, it is advisable that he has them at all times so that he takes them immediately with the first sign of attack. The patient will then have to take the medications throughout the attack period and forty-eight hours after the attack is over. The general physician can also prescribe the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication for taking alongside the NSAID. The PPI helps to reduce the side effects of NSAID in causing stomach ulcers, indigestion or stomach bleeding (Drugs.com, 2012).

Colchicine is an alternative medication to NSAIDs. When a patient considers the NSAIDs to be ineffective, he will be prescribed the Colchicine. Colchicine is effective in reducing the pain and swelling that are symptoms of the gout attack. Also, it is advisable to carry the drug ay all times so as to take them immediately whenever there is gout attack. Some side effects of Colchicine, when taken in high diseases, include diarrhea, tummy pain and overall body sickness (Arcangelo, & Peterson, 2013). The Corticosteroids are for treating severe gout illnesses when other treatments have failed to work and when one is unable to take colchicines and NSAID drugs. Steroid tablets for s short period can help in providing relief, but its long-term use leads to muscle weakness, bones thinning, weight gain and easy bruising. Corticosteroids are given in injection form to provide rapid relief of pain. These medications help in reducing the acid level that develops whenever there is gout attack (Ben-Zacharia, 2011).

Colchicine and behavior

The management of gout is a challenging activity because some complications arise from the gouty arthritis therapies. Colchicines can cause complications. Using Colchicine causes side effects such as renal failure, bone marrow narrowing, disseminated intravascular coagulations, alopecia, hepatic necrosis, seizures, diarrhea heart block or even death from arrhythmias. Colchicine therapy is also related to neuromuscular toxicity (Kargiotis,2010). Individuals with chronic gout need a lifetime treatment using the gout drugs to lower uric acid pool in the body. Changes in lifestyle such as limiting alcohol consumption, body weight control and limiting the intake of fish rich in prunes and meat are necessary to prevent a future attack of gout. It is also necessary that gout patients avoid snacks and drinks that are high in sugar since they also contribute to gout risks. They should involve in regular exercise, drink plenty of water, regular swimming and cut down on alcohol (Peterson, et al., 2007).

References

Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ben-Zacharia, A. (2011). Therapeutics for symptoms. Sinai Medical Journal of Medicine, 78(2), 176–191.

Kargiotis, O., Paschali, L &Papathanasopoulos, P. (2010). The quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of current treatment options. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 67–82.

Peterson, K., & Warren-Boulton, E. (2007). Managing type 2 diabetes in youth: American Family Physician, 76(5), 658–664.

Drugs.com. (2012).

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