Digital Signal processing

The Digital signal processing is the discipline that develops and examines the technical processing, analysis and interpretation of signals. Among the types of possible operations on these signals, it may indicate the control, the filter, the data compression, the data transmission, the denoising, the deconvolution, the prediction, the identification, the classification, etc.

Although this discipline has its origins in the engineering sciences (particularly electronics and automation ), today it is widely used in many fields of mathematics, such as signal theory, stochastic processes, vector spaces and linear algebra and applied mathematics, including information theory, optimization and numerical analysis.

OverviewThe signals to be processed can come from a wide variety of sources, but most of them are electrical signals or have become electrical with the help of sensors and transducers (microphones, retinas, thermal, optical, pressure, position, speed, acceleration and in general of all physical and chemical quantities).Digital Signal Processing Applications

There are basically signals analog one hand, which are produced by various sensors, amplifiers, converters, digital to analog signals digital secondly, derived from computer to terminal, reading a digital medium or a scanning by an analog-digital converter.The processing can be done, without digitizing the signals, by analog electronic circuits or also optical systems (optical signal processing). It is increasingly realized by digital signal processing, using computers, embedded microprocessors, specialized microprocessors called DSP, reconfigurable circuits ( FPGA ) or dedicated digital components ( ASIC ).There are several particular branches of signal processing, depending on the nature of the signals considered. In particular :Speech (or more generally sound) processing - for analysis, compression, synthesis and speech recognitionImage Processing - for analyzing, restoring and compressing still imagesVideo processing - for analyzing and compressing video clipsSignal processing can have different purposes:the detection of a signalthe estimation of quantities to be measured on a signalcoding, signal compression for storage and transmissionthe improvement of its quality (restoration) according to physiological criteria (for listening and visualization).The processing of a signal effected depends on the goal pursued. In particular, the notions of signal and noise are subjective, they depend on what interests the user. Various measures representative of the quality of a signal and the information contained in it are used:The signal-to-noise ratio, a concept that is used very frequently but is equivocal since everything depends on what is considered signal and noise.The Effective Number of Effective Bits Number of Bits ( ENOB ) which is a measure of the quality of analog-to-digital conversion.The Fisher information, particularly useful in estimating parameters. It can be related to one or more parameters (Fisher information matrix).The entropy, after greatness of statistical physics and information theory (work Shannon ), used in coding operations. It is a measure of the "intrinsic" information of the signal.

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