The speed of sand mining is faster than regeneration, and there is no sand in the earth.

You may not believe that the earth is going to have no sand. Recently, however, Nature published a review article entitled "Time is running out for sand", which once again sounded the alarm for human sand mining.

Sand mining speed exceeds regeneration

The review article cites a study published in 2017 that points out that the current rate of sand and gravel mining has exceeded its natural rate of regeneration.

It is worth mentioning that the sand discussed in the article refers to the angular sand that can be put into industrial use. Most of the sand comes from rivers (less than 1% of the earth's area). The sand in the desert is too smooth to be used.

According to an article published in Science in 2017, sand and gravel are currently the most abundant types of raw materials, even more than fossil fuels. The United Nations data report "Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity" quoted shows that sand and gravel are the most important non-metallic materials in terms of production volume. In 2010, sand and gravel production accounted for 31.1% and 40.8% of all non-metallic materials, respectively.cnc machining china reports

The amount of sediment transported by major rivers in China is declining, or the supply of sand is tight

In recent years, the amount of sediment transported in the Yangtze River has decreased significantly. In 2016, according to the "People's Yangtze River News" report, as the amount of sand coming from the Yangtze River decreased significantly, the contradiction between demand for sand and gravel and supply was increasingly apparent. According to the evolution characteristics of the river channel and the reduction of sediment transport, the government adjusted the amount of sand material in the mainstream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

This is not an individual phenomenon in a river in the Yangtze River.

The China River Sediment Bulletin, published annually by the Ministry of Water Resources, provides data on the annual sediment transport of 12 major rivers in China. I sorted out the annual amount of sediment transport from major rivers from 2005 to 2017 and plotted the trend line accordingly. The data show that the sediment transport of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, the Tarim River, the Songhua River, the Lancang River and the Huaihe River has a downward trend.

"No one knows how much sand there is now, and I don’t know how much sand is being mined," wrote Nature’s commentary.

Industry scholars have been lacking in high-quality data related to sand, making it difficult to consume and mine sand at a reasonable rate with research and policy. Through the sand trade data provided by the UN Comtrade database, you can get a glimpse of the flaws in the data.

First, the database only provides sand import and export information for two subclasses of a large class. The source of sand that is not distinguished is the active source of natural supplements, such as rivers and deltas, or passive sources without supplements, such as geological deposits. Second, some international sand trade has not been recorded. Some studies have compared sand import and export data for some countries in the database. A United Nations report compares the amount of sand imported by Singapore from Indonesia with the amount of sand that Indonesia exports to Singapore, and finds that there is little overlap between the two. The report argues that illegal trade in sand is an important cause of data discrepancies.CNC MACHINING CHINA REPORTS

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