Various ways in the prevention of fatal Fever of unknown origin – Pubrica

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Keywords: Fever, life-threatening, pyrexia, Medical research

In brief

1. Fever is one of the most commonly seen symptoms in patients.
2. The diagnostic strategy of patients with Fever is well established even with the Fever of unknown origin.
3. Petersdorf and Beeson initially defined Fever of unknown origin (pyrexia) in 1961 as body temperature higher than 38.3oC on several occasions(Harada et al., 2020), accompanied by more than three weeks of illness and failure to reach a diagnosis after one week of inpatient investigation.

In medical service, it remains one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges. It may arise due to many reasons, e.g., infections, inflammatory/rheumatic,malignant or neoplastic invasions, and miscellaneous disorders, and(RG & Beeson, 1961). It may also occur in organ transplants and immunodeficiency disorders.

Contagious Fever is caused by bacteria, viruses or any other infection. Majority of the times, Fever of unknown origin is infectious by nature, followed by neoplastic and rheumatic causes.The mortality rate is 12-35% depending upon the underlying aetiology. Avoiding sources of infection and maintaining good hygiene practices are the best way to prevent a fever(Santana et al., 2019).

Personal preventions:

• Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer with atleast 60% alcohol, post handwash. It kills viruses that may be on the skin.
• Cover oneself when someone sneezes or coughs while in proximity. It is to avoid small liquid droplets from the person’s nose or mouth that may contain a virus.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Contaminated hands can transfer the infective agent.
• Use personal protective equipment like face masks, gloves. Dispose of them immediately after use.
• Do not share personal items like toothbrush, comb or razor blade. Avoid sharing drinking glasses or dining utensils.
• Disinfect infection-prone areas in your house like kitchen and bathroom, as they harbour high concentrations of bacteria and infectious agents.
• Keep distance. Maintain atleast 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
• Seek medical help early if you get mild symptoms like Fever, cough, difficult breathing.
• Avoid contact with any biological material (blood, fluid, etc.) that may be infective.
• Refrain from eating animal-derived meat/protein. Eat only well-cooked food.

Societal preventions:

• Any Fever should be reported immediately to the nearest healthcare centre.
• Illegal trade of wild animals and poultry products need to be banned.
• People travelling from one place to another should be quarantined approximately for two weeks in case of spread of unknown Fever

Myth buster

• Hand dryers are not effective in killing infective agents.
• In Clinical Research, older people with pre-existing medical conditions are more vulnerable to contracting the illness.
• Garlic has some anti-microbial properties but does not help prevent infection-related Fever.

Conclusion

• Overall, public health laws can help in medical,control the spread of Fever of unknown origin. Preventive measures like screening, education, counselling and other strategies help in minimizing the spread of Fever.

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