What are the PICO elements in systematic review? – Pubrica

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• The PICO framework is used in evidence-based practice and especially in evidence-based medicine to formulate a clinical or healthcare related question
• In a

systematic review, the PICO framework is also used to develop literature search strategies to ensure the comprehensive and bias-free searches

• The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions mentioned using the PICO framework as a model for developing a review question, thus ensuresthat the relevant components of the question are well defined

A systematic review is a method supporting evidence-based practices and healthcare decisions primarily through quantitative approach whereby a complete search is conducted in attempting to identify all the related publications which are integrated and assimilated through statistical analysis. The crucial factor for a systematic review is a comprehensive search process as it can be viewed as preventing the risk of bias and thus providing quality representation of available research. However, current research investigation process mainly focuses on different methods to ensure the comprehensive and bias-free searches for quantitative systematic reviews. Because of time consumption and resources requirementin completing a systematic literature search, multiple efforts have been made to study the sensitivity of searches, and thus it reduces the amount of time spent reviewing irrelevant articles which are of no use. Through devising a search strategy, a search tool has been used in organizing framework to list terms in the search questions by the main concepts and such frameworks will also be very helpful for teams doing a systematic review without an experienced information specialist.The PICO framework focuses on the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes and it is a commonly used tool quantitative systematic review to identify different components of clinical evidence for a systematic review, and the Cochrane Collaboration recognizes it.

P – Patient | Population

Most important characteristics of patients. Examples: Gender, age, and disease or condition

I – Intervention or exposure

Main intervention. Examples: Drug treatment, diagnostic and screening test

C – Comparison or control

Main alternative. Examples: Standard therapy, placebo, no treatment, and a gold standard

O – Outcome

The PICO model was developed to help structure a well-built clinical question and enable a literature searchof relevant citations. Since its introduction, it has played an essential role as a conceptualizing model for evidence-based medicine. The PICO framework will also help in reducing the time and retrieving related documents, thus ensures bias-free quality systematic review, and it also helps to determine the transparency of evidence synthesis results and findings.

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