Causes of nervous system disorders, risk factor, symptoms and treatment - Pubrica

Nerves are cylindrical bundles of fibers beginning at the brain and the central cord and extending to some other part of the body. Major new epidemiological analyzes focus attention on nervous system disorders as important causes of death and disability worldwide(Linz et al., 2019). It is composed of two main divisions including:

• Central nervous system: It comprises of the spinal cord and the brain. In addition to the spinal cord and brain, the nervous system's main organs include: sensory organs of smell, sensory organs of taste, sensory receptors located in the joints, muscles, skin and other parts of the body.
• Peripheral nervous system:It comprises of all other neural elements, including the autonomic nerves and the peripheral nerves.

Functions:

The nervous system controls:

• The thinking ability and reason and the nervous system makes you aware and has language, memories and thoughts.
• Feeling (sensation), smell, taste, hearing and sight.
• Involuntary and voluntary functions, such as balance coordination and movement. Many certain body functions, such as blood flow and blood pressure, are often controlled by the nervous system.

Causes and risk factors:

The nervous system is susceptible to numerous disorders including blood flow, disruption, tumors, structural defects, degeneration, infections and trauma. Nervous system disorders may involve in the following things:

Degeneration, such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease

Functional disorders, such as neuralgia, dizziness, epilepsy and headache

Vascular disorders, such as extradural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage and hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke

Structural disorders, such asGuillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord or brain tumors, carpal tunnel syndrome, cervical spondylosis, Bell's palsy and spinal cord or brain injury

Infections, such as epidural abscess, polio, encephalitis and meningitis

Symptoms:

For all the nervous system's disorders, the most important concern people experience is pain, and most of it is nervous. Symptoms of a problem with the nervous system depend on which region of the nervous system is affected and what triggers the issue. Systematic search, Problems with the nervous system may suddenly occur and cause life-threatening (acute) problems or develop gradually and induce a progressive (degenerative) loss of function. Symptoms can be mild or severe. The most common general signs and symptoms of nervous system disease are as follows. Each person can experience symptoms differently, however. Symptoms can also include new language impairment (comprehension or expression), slurred speech and muscle wasting, back pain which radiates to the toes, feet or other body parts, tremors and seizures, muscle rigidity, lack of coordination, impaired mental ability, weakness or loss of muscle strength, memory loss, double vision or Loss of sight, tingling or loss of feeling, a headache that changes or is different and persistent or sudden onset of a headache.

Diagnosing:

There are different examinations and methods for the treatment of nervous system disorders. A specialized X-ray called a fluoroscopy, in addition to the traditional X-ray, examines the body in motion, such as blood flowing through arteries. Other standard neurological exams include a CT scan,electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which records the brain's continuous electrical activity. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a procedure that measures metabolism and brain activity of cells or tissues to detect tumors or tissues or tumors(Zimmermann, 2018).

Treatment:

• Spinal surgery.
• Rehabilitation/physical therapy after brain injury or stroke.
• Spinal cord stimulation.
• Deep brain stimulation.
• Medicines, possibly given by a drug pumps

Prevention:

To keep your body and nervous system healthy, follow the Guidelines below:

• Never smoke or use any other tobacco products.
• Do not consume alcohol or unwanted drugs, which may have an effect even long after use.
• Limit the consumption of caffeinated drinks such as colas and coffee that improve dehydration and can influence sleep.
• Take note of health problems that can induce impaired functioning of the nervous system, such as: high blood pressure, diabetes etc.
• Do daily exercise. Speak to the doctor for a workout routine that's going to fit for you.
• Drink abundant water and other liquids. This helps prevent dehydration which can cause memory and confusion problems.
• Eat a healthy diet. A healthy, low-fat diet with adequate foliate sources, vitamin B6 and B12 can help to strengthen the nervous system. Make sure the food contains lots of whole grains, vegetables and fruits

Conclusion:

Disorders of the nervous system which trigger the highest death and disability levels can be treatable and preventable. Increased awareness of neurological disorders' global effects should help healthcare planners and the neurological community set adequate research, prevention and management priorities for these conditions.

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