About Cyclone | Types of Cyclone and their meanings

The state of the atmosphere is circulation in which high-velocity wind takes a cyclic path around a low-pressure center is called cyclone As the atmospheric pressure is much higher in the areas, around the low-pressure center of the cyclone, the wind velocity also becomes very high. Mainly the cyclone is of two types-

1. Tropical Cyclone and
2. Mid-Latitude or Extra-Tropical Cyclone.

Tropical Cyclone

When the high-velocity wind from high-pressure region takes a cyclic path of violent nature all-around a lower pressure centre in the tropical region is called tropical cyclone It is worth mentioning that due to the earth's diurnal rotation such cyclonic wind blows in an anticlockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere) The velocity of tropical cyclone Lies from 120 kilometer to 280 kilometer per hour, The diameter of Such cyclical cyclones can be from a few kilometers to several hundred kilometers. The tropical cyclone is formed only during the season solely under the influence of the oceanic environment.)After the complete formation of the low-pressure centre it moves towards the sea coast and gradually enters into the land surface. As a very high Unit of energy is released from the well developed tropical cyclones Such cyclones are quite violent, destructive and harmful in nature Such Cyclonic Storms remain active for long period of time covering a large surface or the earth's surface. Every year there is huge loss of lives and properties due to such tropical cyclones in the south-eastern part of America, the eastern part of Japan and east coastal region of India, However, the volume of damage in recent times has been slightly reduced because of the introduction of a forecasting system for possible Occurrence of cyclones. It may be mentioned here that the tropical cyclone is known by different names. It is known as Typhoon in the coastal areas of the Pacific in the east, Hurricane in the West Indies region, Cyclone in the Indian Ocean, Bordoisila in Assam and Willy-Willy in the north-western coast of Australia.

Cyclones

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Extra-Tropical Cyclone

The cyclone formed in the temperate and high-latitude regions is called Temperate Cyclone or Extra-Tropical Cyclone. The extra-tropical cyclones are formed in between 300 and 650 latitudes of both the northern and southern hemispheres. As this type of cyclone is formed in the frontal region created as a result of the meeting of wind waves mainly having diverse character, it is also known as wave cyclone. It may be mentioned that the fronts are created as a result of the meeting of the cold polar wind and tropical warm wind. When warm wind of the tropical region and cold wind of the polar region meet each other due the attraction of the low-pressure center in the mid-latitude region, a polar front 1s formed with an unstable atmospheric condition. This is called extra-tropical cyclone( It is because of this cyclone the temperate region often witnesses change in weather with the unstable atmospheric condition.) Although the shape of such cyclone is generally circular and elliptical, sometimes it becomes V-shaped. Most of the temperate cyclones have he diameter varying between 300 kilometer and 1500 kilometer and one ot such cyclones covers an area of about 1.6 million square kilometers. Like that of tropical cyclones. the center and the pressure gradually increases outside. The atmospheric pressure difference between the center and peripheral part of such a cyclone varies from 10 to 35 millibar. The velocity and violent nature of a cyclone depend mainly on this pressure difference. Generally, the cyclones of the temperate region move from the south-west towards north-east. Such cyclones can be formed at any time in the year. These cyclones often cause dense clouds and heavy rainfall. When the air of a higher layer of such cyclones becomes very cold, it often results in hail and thunderstorm. But after (Sometimes, the sky becomes clear without any rainfall and clouds, Of course, due to mild air movement it remains somewhat cold.

Anticyclone

When after the formation of a high-pressure belt covering a wide area, a divergent wind from its center takes a cyclic path, it is called Anticyclone. As the atmospheric pressure becomes the highest at the center of an anticyclone, it is also known as High-Pressure Centre.

If this high-pressure cell becomes slightly elongated instead of circular, it is known as a ridge. The Meteorologist Sir Francis Galton for the first time used the term 'Anticyclone' in 1861. Actually, the anticyclone is an atmospheric condition that is completely opposite of cyclone. As compared to the cyclone the contribution of anticyclone towards determining the weather of an area 1s very insignificantly. But it is not that the anticyclone does not totally have any contribution to weather change. The anticyclones are formed in the sub-tropical and high latitude regions of both the hemispheres of the earth. Due to the earth's rotation, the wind of an anticyclone moves around the high-pressure center in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. Basically, the anticyclones are of two types (1) Sub-Tropical War Core Anticyclone and (2) High-Latitude Cold Core Anticyclone) The area of origin and track of movement of both these anticyclones are different. The cold-core anticyclone originated in the sub-polar region moves towards south. On the other hand, the warm-core anticyclone originated in the sub-tropical region moves from west to east. However, due to northerly and southerly apparent movement of the sun, the area of origin and track of movement of the anticyclone get slightly shifted towards north in summer and towards south in winter. As the pressure difference between the high-pressure center and the outer part of the anticyclone does not become so high, the wind velocity remains low. The amount of rainfall as a result of this is also very scanty. The high-latitude cold anticyclone results in the movement of extremely cold wind particularly during winter in areas like North America, Western Europe, etc. Sometimes Blizzard is formed in North-East Canada and North-East Europe. The movement of such an extremely cold wind resulted from an anticyclone is also known as 'cold wave. On the other hand, the wind generated from the high-pressure center of the sub-tropical anticyclone remains stable and moves very sluggishly. Moreover, as the pressure system and the air movement in the case of an anticyclone are completely opposite of a cyclone, naturally the weather condition associated with anticyclone is of reverse nature. Generally, anticyclones are associated with fair weather. Of course, when the anticyclones of the sub-tropical region move above the warm sea, then an exchange of large amounts of moisture and prevailing temperature variation results in some amount of rainfall.

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For instance, the sub-tropical cyclone that enters into the southern part of the United States of America (USA) through the Gulf of Mexico during summer gives some amount of rainfall in that region. In this way, rainfall is seen to occur in many coastal areas of the tropical region of the earth. But the wind that moves towards east from the semi-permanent anticyclones of the sub-tropical region is considerably warm. Such wind results in hot waves. It means this hot wave makes an unnatural warm-dry weather condition. The central and south-eastern parts of the USA often experience such a warm-dry weather condition.

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