Industrial Wastewater is one of the Important Pollutants in the Pollution of the Water Environment

Industrial wastewater is one of the important pollutants in the pollution of the water environment. There are many types of industrial wastewater based on different industries and contaminants; each sector produces its own particular combination of pollutants. The petrochemical industry discharges a lot of phenols and mineral oils. Also wastewater from food processing plants is high in suspended solids and organic material. Generally, industrial wastewater can be divided into two types: inorganic industrial wastewater and organic industrial wastewater.

Inorganic Industrial Waste Water

Inorganic industrial wastewater is produced mainly in the coal and steel industry, in the nonmetallic minerals industry, and in commercial enterprises and industries for the surface processing of metals (iron picking works and electroplating plants). This wastewater contains a large proportion of suspended matter. The purification of warm and dust-laden waste gases from blast furnaces, converts, cupola furnaces, refuse and sludge incineration plants, and aluminum works result in waste water containing mineral and inorganic substances in dissolved and undissolved form.

Organic Industrial Wastewater

Organic industrial wastewater contains organic industrial waste flow from those chemical industries and large –scale chemical works, which mainly use organic substances for chemical reactions.

Most organic industrial waste water is produced by the following industries and plants:The factories manufacturing pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, organic dye- stuffs, glue and adhesives, soaps, synthetic detergents, pesticides and herbicides:

The quality of the waste from the production of pharmaceuticals varies a great deal, owing to the variety of basic raw materials, working processes and waste products. It is a characteristic of the pharmaceutical industry that very many products as well as intermediate products are manufactured in the same plant. Thus different kinds of effluent with widely varying qualities flow from the different production areas.

Tanneries and leather factories:

A tannery is one of the most water intensive plants and its production process consists of several steps. The quality of the water depends only to a slight degree on the type of hides and the mechanical and chemical methods used in tanning.

Textile factories:

The pollutant features of textile wastes differ widely among various organic substances such as dyes, starches and detergents in effluent undergo chemical and biological changes which consume dissolved oxygen from the receiving stream and destroy aquatic life.

Cellulose and paper manufacturing plant:

Printing plants release inks and dyes, the pulp and paper rely heavily on chlorine- based substances, and as a result, pulp and paper mill effluents contain chloride organics and dioxins, as well as suspended solids and organic wastes.

Oil refining industries:

Petroleum wastewater from refineries contains high levels of pollutants and are characterized by the presence of large quantities of refinery effluent such as oil products and chemicals that are hard to degrade. Regulatory authorities deny permits to discharge this petroleum wastewater to maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the freshwater resources.

Brewery and fermentation industries:

A part of the wastewater produced by the brewery industries comes from the different processes, which includes the washing and rinsing water to clean the barley. All machines and filters and especially bottles and barrels. This type of waste water contains high concentration of suspended solids and detergents.

Metal processing industries:

The metal – working industries discharge chromium, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and titanium compounds along them the electroplating industry is an important pollution distributor.

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