Understanding the Different Parts of a Basic CNC Plasma Table

Computer numerical control (CNC) tables have revolutionized the way people cut and fabricate materials. The precision, speed and consistency of these tables allow for mass production in very small environments with minimal cost. A CNC plasma table is used by both hobbyists and commercial manufacturers. Anyone who is interest in one of these tables should understand a little about the basic parts.

Drive System

One of the main parts of any CNC plasma table is the drive system. This system is a collection of all the parts that allow the gantry or torch to move. The most important part is usually the motor. Plasma table motors can be servo or step units. The difference is that step unit moves in very small increments along the table. The torch cannot be stopped between those increments. Fortunately, the steps are very small. They usually do not cause problems with average projects. A servo system moves the torch freely along a smooth rail. A servo system can be positioned anywhere on the table. Servos are better for very precise work.

Gantry

The gantry is the arm that runs across the table. The gantry is the part of the table that holds the actual plasma cutter. The drive system moves the gantry in different directions. The gantry usually moves along just one axis. There is generally a smaller unit holding the torch on the gantry that moves along the opposite axis. Some tables can also move the gantry vertically along the Z-axis. It is important to note that there are CNC plasma tables available that do not have a moving gantry. These tables actually move the plate and material instead of the torch when making cuts.

Controller

The controller is the most complex part of a CNC plasma table. This is computer system that controls the drive and motors. Some tables today have a customized controller. This controller allows input directly into the system using G-code, thumb drives or other techniques. Alternately, the table could have ports to plug into a separate computer or laptop. The computer or laptop controls the table with specialized software and computer aided drafting programs. The quality of the controller is partly what determines the capabilities and quality of the table.

Cutter or Torch

Another key part of a CNC plasma table is the cutter or torch. This is the plasma torch that actually does the cutting. It is attached to the gantry. Some manufacturers create tables that can work with only one type of proprietary torch. Other manufacturers create generic mounts that can adjust to hold any type of cutter. Something to remember is that not all tables include the torch. It is sometimes necessary to get a separate plasma cutter to work with the table.

Taryn Johnson is an avid writer. She loves all things about electronics and marketing. In a perfect world, Taryn would be writing from the beaches of Hawaii all day long.