Components of Data Acquisition System

Measurement Computing's data acquisition products support a wide range of applications and interfaces. MCC offers high-quality hardware with supporting software and drivers for a quick and configurable data collecting solution for your individual application, whether you are monitoring current, voltage, temperature, strain, or digital signals.

Data Acquisition System:

The process of digitising data from the world around us so that it may be presented, processed, and stored in a computer is known as Data Acquisition or DAQ. A basic example is a process of measuring a room's temperature as a digital value using a sensor such as a thermocouple. Data analysis and reporting software, network connectivity, and remote control and monitoring capabilities can all be added to modern data gathering systems.

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Data acquisition systems, also known as DAS, DAQ, or DAU, typically transform analogue waveforms into digital values for processing. Data collection systems comprise the following components:

• Sensors are used to translate physical parameters into electrical impulses.
• Signal conditioning circuitry is used to convert sensor signals into digital values.
• Analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) are used to convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values.

Software programs are written in general-purpose programming languages such as Assembly, C, C#, Java, LabVIEW, BASIC, C++, Lisp, Fortran, Pascal, and others typically control data acquisition applications. Data loggers are the common name for stand-alone data collecting systems.

There are also open-source software packages that include all of the tools required to collect data from various, often unique, hardware devices. These technologies are derived from the scientific world, where complicated experiments necessitate quick, flexible, and adaptable software. Those packages are normally customised to the individual, although more general DAQ systems, such as the Maximum Integrated Data Acquisition System, can be easily tailored and are used in a variety of physics investigations.

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Components of a DAQ System:

All data acquisition systems must include three components: a sensor, signal conditioning, and an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC).

• Analog-to-Digital Converter:

An Analog to Digital Converter is at the heart of all data gathering systems (ADC). As the name suggests, this chip transforms data from the environment to discrete levels that may be read by a CPU. These discrete levels represent the smallest discernible change in the signal under consideration. The greater the number of "bits" of an ADC (12-bit, 16-bit, 18-bit, etc.), the greater the number of discrete levels that can represent an analogue signal and the higher the ADC's resolution.

An ADC's resolution is essentially comparable to the ticks on a measuring stick. A measuring stick with mm tick marks offers greater resolution than one with merely cm tick marks. It depends on what you're measuring whether you need mm or cm tick marks; the same is true for ADC resolution.

• Sensors (Transducers):

Sensors, also known as transducers, transform real-world phenomena such as temperature, force, and movement into voltage or current signals that can be utilised as ADC inputs. Thermocouples, thermistors, and RTDs are common temperature sensors, accelerometers are used to detect movement, and strain gauges are used to measure force. When selecting the correct sensor for your measurement system, it is critical to consider elements such as sensor accuracy and the signal conditioning required to capture a legible signal.

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• Signal Conditioning:

Additional circuitry between the transducer and the ADC is frequently required to do quality measurements on transducers. Signal conditioning circuits can comprise amplification/attenuation, filtering, Wheatstone bridge completion, excitation, linearization, calibration, and cold-junction compensation (CJC). Signal conditioning requirements vary depending on the sensor. Signal conditioning for a strain gauge, for example, necessitates stimulation, bridge completion, and calibration. Thermocouples, which produce signals in the mV range, must be amplified and filtered before being fed into the ADC.

Signal conditioning circuitry is frequently found in data gathering devices, but it can also be found in transducers. Load cells, for example, house the bridge completion, calibration, and amplification circuitry. Signal conditioning is included in many MEM (micro-electro-mechanical) sensors.

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