Is NCERT For Morphology of Flowering Plants Sufficient For NEET?

Flowering Plants or Angiosperms

Flowering plants, often known as angiosperms, account for over 80% of all living plant species. With a population of about 300,000 species, they are the most diverse group. Gymnosperms are thought to be the ancestors of angiosperms. A few ancient ferns may have evolved into a blooming plant through several stages of development. Flowers are the parts of angiosperms that wrap either male or female reproductive organs, or both. The fertilized egg, which develops into a seed, is trapped in the ovary within the flower, and these reproductive organs engage in sexual reproduction.

Angiosperms have adapted to varied niches of terrestrial ecosystems through the evolution and development of numerous traits such as a flower and a circulatory system made up of specialized cells and tissues. Flowering plants are an essential aspect of the ecosystem since they support the majority of animals, birds, and people. Angiosperms are distinct from other plants in a number of ways. The existence of a bloom is the first and most fundamental distinction. The flower is a flowering plant's reproductive organ. Pollination is their mode of reproduction. It is the process of pollen grains being carried from anthers to the stigma of the flower, where they are fertilized and the zygote is created.

Morphology of Flowering Plants in Detail

Every plant, according to plant morphology, has two systems. A root system and a shoot system are both important. The root system burrows deep into the earth and creates its own system. The shoot system, on the other hand, is above ground and consists of a variety of plant elements.

Root System

The plant's descending portion, which develops beneath the earth roots. The seed's radicle develops downward and branches out during germination. The root system is made up of the branches and the central root. Because roots do not contain chlorophyll, they are not green in color. Roots are positively geotropic and hydrotropic, meaning they grow towards the ground and water, and they are negatively phototropic, meaning they travel away from sunlight. Plants have three different types of root systems.

Taproot System: This sort of root system is mostly seen in dicots, where the major root emerges from the radicle of the developing seeds. In this type of root system, several roots emerge laterally from the parent root. The taproot system offers a strong anchoring for the plant, and the taproot develops deep into the earth. Mango, Mustard, Gram, and so forth are some examples.

The Fibrous Root System: Monocots have a fibrous root structure, with roots that form into a thin and dense network. These roots do not reach much deeper into the earth. They don't stray far from the surface. As a result, unlike Taproots, they are unable to offer solid anchoring. Some plants have branching roots that develop from a primary root, although the primary root is short-lived. With this sort of root system, the roots emerge from the radicle and plumule of the developing plant. Taproots and fibrous roots are sometimes found together on some plants. Wheat, paddy, onion, maize, and other crops are examples.

The Adventitious Root System: Adventitious roots grow from portions of the plant other than the radicle. Monocots are characterized by their adventitious root system. In this situation, roots might come from stems, leaves, shoots, or any other plant element. Adventitious roots can grow naturally or in response to stress. They're more of a component designed to withstand severe environments. Drought, nutritional deficiency, or physical wounds are examples of stressors. Adventitious roots help in vegetative proliferation, support, and other functions. Banyan, maize, oak, black pepper, beetle, and other trees are examples.

Functions of Root

The following are the four primary roles of the roots:

• Provide anchorage- Roots enter the earth and keep the plant erect and stationary. As a result, they serve as a source of support for the plants.
• Essential nutrient absorption- Roots, which are hydrotropic, extend beneath the earth in search of water and nutrients. They take both the vital nutrients and the water required for plant development from the earth.
• Storage- In addition to absorption, roots also store the plant's food and minerals.
• Essentials translocation- Roots transport water and minerals to the stem.

Check One Example:

Question: A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found in aquatic plants like

Answer: https://www.doubtnut.com/question-answer-biology/a-lateral-branch-with-short-internodes-and-each-node-bearing-a-rosette-of-leaves-and-a-tuft-of-roots-29656737

Shoot System

The shoot system refers to the plant's ascending portion that grows above ground level. It contains numerous plant parts such as the stem, leaves, nodes, internodes, and so forth. The plumule of the germinating seed develops into the shoot system. The stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits make up the flowering plant's shoot system.

Stems

Plants rely on stems for axial stability. They are autotrophic and grow above ground. They grow in the direction of light, away from the earth. A terminal bud can be seen at the stem's tip. The young stems are a bright green hue. The stem of the plant develops a protective coating that is brown in color and strong as it grows into a tree.

Morphology of stem of angiosperms

The two fundamental components, nodes and internodes, are illuminated by the morphology of stems. Internodes are the regions between nodes, while nodes are the spots where the plant bears leave. Phyllotaxis is the study of the arrangement of leaves on the stem. According to phyllotaxy, a spiral arrangement is one leaf per node, whereas an alternative pattern is one leaf per node with a divergence of 180 degrees. The opposing layout has two leaves per node, whereas the whorled arrangement has more than two leaves per node.

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