Types of Transformers used across India

A power transformer is static equipment that converts power from one circuit to another while maintaining the same frequency. A transformer is categorised as a static device since it has no spinning or moving elements. Transformers are powered by an alternating current (AC).

Electrical power generation at low voltage levels is particularly cost-effective. This low voltage level power can theoretically be sent to the receiving end. If this low-voltage power is transmitted, it creates a higher line current, which results in additional line losses.

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Transformers are classified in a variety of ways based on their purpose, application, and construction. Note that these classifications can sometimes overlap — for example, a transformer can be both a three-phase and a step-up transformer at the same time.

Step Up Transformer and Step Down Transformer:

• Step-up transformers change the primary side's low voltage (LV) and high current to the secondary side's high voltage (HV) and low current.
• Step-down transformers change the primary side's high voltage (HV) and low current to the secondary side's low voltage (LV) and high current.

Three Phase Transformer and Single Phase Transformer:

Because three-phase transformers are more cost-effective than single-phase transformers, they are commonly employed in three-phase power systems. When space is limited, however, it is preferable to use a bank of three single-phase transformers rather than a single three-phase transformer since it is easier to move.

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Power Transformer:

In the transmission network, power transformers are commonly used to step up or down the voltage level. It is most efficient at or near full load and functions mostly during high or peak loads.

• For distribution to household or commercial consumers, a distribution transformer lowers the voltage. It has excellent voltage management and runs 24 hours a day, with a maximum efficiency of 50% at full load.
• C.T. and P.T. instrument transformers are used to lower high voltages and currents to values that can be measured by ordinary instruments.

Autotransformer and Two Winding Transformer:

When the ratio between the high voltage and low voltage sides is larger than 2, a two winding transformer is usually utilised.

In circumstances when the ratio between the high and low voltage sides is less than 2, an autotransformer is more cost-effective.

• Indoor and Outdoor Transformer:

Outdoor transformers, as the name implies, are intended for use outside. Indoor transformers, on the other hand, are intended for use indoors.

• Dry Type and Oil Cooled Transformer:

This classification refers to the transformer cooling system that is installed inside the transformer.

The cooling medium in oil-cooled transformers is transformer oil. The dry type transformer, on the other hand, uses air cooling.

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Transformer windings are divided into two categories: core and shell. There are also transformers that look like berries.

• Core type Transformer:

A core type transformer is made up of two vertical legs or limbs and two horizontal yoke portions. With a shared magnetic circuit, the core is rectangular in shape. On both limbs, cylindrical coils (HV and LV) are installed.

• Shell Type Transformer:

A shell type transformer has two outer limbs and a central limb. The centre limb has both HV and LV coils. There is a twin magnetic circuit.

• Berry Type Transformer:

A shell type transformer has two outer limbs and a central limb. The centre limb has both HV and LV coils. There is a twin magnetic circuit.

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