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What are the fundamental basics of networking?

Networking is a fundamental concept in the world of information technology, enabling communication and data exchange between devices. Here are some basics of networking:

1. Definition of Networking: Networking involves connecting computers and other devices to share resources, exchange information, and communicate with each other. It can be done over local networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), or the Internet. - Cyber Security Training
2. Key Components of a Network:

• Devices: Computers, routers, switches, servers, and other hardware.
• Cables and Connectors: Ethernet cables, fiber optics, and connectors for physical connectivity.
• Protocols: Rules and conventions that govern the communication between devices. TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS are examples of common protocols.

3. Types of Networks:

• LAN (Local Area Network): Limited to a small geographic area, like a single building or campus.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans a larger geographic area, often connecting LANs across cities or countries. - Cyber Security Training in Hyderabad
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger area than a LAN but is smaller than a WAN, typically within a city.

4. Networking Devices:

• Router: Connects different networks and routes data between them.
• Switch: Connects devices within a local network, facilitating communication.
• Hub: A LAN device that links several others, yet it functions at the physical layer.
• Modem: Converts digital data from a computer to analog for transmission over communication lines.

5. IP Addressing:

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Commonly used addressing scheme, expressed as four sets of numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1). - Cyber Security Online Training
• IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the limitations of IPv4 and provides a larger address space.

6. Subnetting:

• Subnetting involves dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks for better organization and security.

7. TCP/IP Protocol Suite:

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data.
• Internet Protocol (IP): Handles addressing and routing of data packets.
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Provides a connectionless and less reliable communication method compared to TCP. - Cyber Security Online Training Course

8. Firewalls:

• Firewalls are security devices that control and monitor incoming and outgoing network traffic, acting as a barrier between a trusted network and untrusted external networks.

9. Wireless Networking:

• Wi-Fi: Enables devices to connect to a network without physical cables, using radio waves.

10. Network Security:

• Involves implementing measures to protect a network and its data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. - Cyber Security Course Online

11. DNS (Domain Name System):

• facilitates people's access to webpages by converting human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

12. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):

• Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, simplifying the configuration process.

These are some fundamental concepts in networking. Understanding these basics provides a foundation for delving deeper into more advanced networking topics.

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