How Does Animal Regulate Body Size?

Nature is like a magic staff and it is full of mysteries. We can see different kinds of animals and insects in its specific form and size. But how can they do this? How can they regulate their body and prevent it from over-developing? Scientists all over the world have been pursuing answers for these questions, and now, they seem to have figured out the mechanism.

A recent study has shed light on how animal regulate their body size and the researchers in this study have uncovered some vital clues about the molecular mechanism triggered by environmental conditions that ultimately affect body size.

Generally, the growth in insects and many other animals depends largely on the environmental factors like temperature, oxygen levels and availability of food. And in turn these environmental factors regulate two independent physiological mechanisms by making two kinds of hormones under control and the two of them are insulin and ecdysone. These two have their own responsibilities--insulin is responsible for controlling how fast the body grow in response to nutrition, while ecdysone is in charge of controlling the time at which the animals stop growth.

To figure things out, they studied fruit fly. And they found that the location of a protein called FoxO can well explain how these two processes interact with each other. It turns out that when the fruit fly is hungry, FoxO is kept within the cell nucleus, blocking the production of ecdysone.

The chief scientists pointed out that though there are a lot of mechanisms that have effect on the regulation of animal bodies, the mechanism they found is potentially common across a wide range of animals. They also made a future plan for this research. Maybe next turn, they would try to figure out whether environmental factors like temperature, infection and oxygen level have influence on these process and if so, how.

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