How did Scientists Get High-quality RNA?

Firstly, what is RNA?

RNA or Ribonucleic acid is a kind of polymeric molecule. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and along with proteins, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. But unlike DNA which appears to be a paired double-strand, RNA is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded unto itself. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. It plays in a varied sort of biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

Where do they extract RNA from and how?

Step 1: Sample Collection and Protection

They have to prepare a tissue or cell sample and to find the most appropriate method of cell or tissue disruption for maximizing the yield and quality of your RNA preparation.

Step 2: RNA Isolation and Purification

There are about four general techniques of RNA Isolation: organic extraction methods, spin basket formats, magnetic particle methods, and direct lysis methods. Researchers need to select out the best technique to extract out the most purified RNA. This process is the most crucial and difficult part of the experiment. RNA purification kit will be very helpful to facilitate this process and get the most ideal result for its time-saving advantage and high effectiveness.

Step 3: Quantitation of Isolated RNA

RNA quantitation is an important and necessary step prior to most RNA analysis methods. Here are three most common methods used to quantitate RNA: UV Spectroscopy, Fluorescent Dyes and Agilent® 2100 Bioanalyzer™ Instrument.

Step 4: Storage of Isolated RNA

The last step in every RNA isolation protocol, whether for total or mRNA preparation, is to resuspend the purified RNA pellet. After painstakingly preparing an RNA sample, it is crucial that RNA be suspended and stored in a safe, RNase-free environment.

Obtaining high-quality RNA is the first and most critical step in performing many molecular techniques such as reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing, array analysis, digital PCR, northern analysis, and cDNA library construction

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