How To Read Tyre Specifications: A Beginner’s Guide To Tyre Labels

Understanding tyre specifications is essential for any vehicle owner, whether you’re a novice driver or a seasoned enthusiast. Tyres are your vehicle's only contact with the road, making the right choice crucial for safety and performance. The information provided on tyre labels can seem complex, but once you break it down, it becomes much easier to understand.

This guide will help you decipher the various tyres specifications, empowering you to make informed decisions about your vehicle’s footwear.

Understanding The Tyre Label

When you look at a tyre, you will typically find a series of numbers and letters embossed on its sidewall. This information is not just for show; it carries vital details about the tyre's specifications.

Here’s how to read them:

Example Tyre Specification: 235/60 R16 100H

Let’s break down the example tyre specification to explain what each element means.

Tyre Width (235)

The first number you will see on the label refers to the width of the tyre in millimetres, measured from sidewall to sidewall. In our example, ‘235’ indicates that the tyre is 235 mm wide. Wider tyres can offer better handling and stability but might also affect fuel efficiency due to increased rolling resistance.

Aspect Ratio (60)

The second number is the aspect ratio, which compares the height of the tyre’s sidewall to its width. It is expressed as a percentage. In this case, ‘60’ signifies that the height of the sidewall is 60% of the tyre's width. A lower aspect ratio generally means a shorter sidewall, leading to sportier handling and improved cornering performance, while a higher aspect ratio may provide a more comfortable ride, as there’s more cushioning.

Construction Type (R)

The letter following the aspect ratio represents the tyre's construction type. ‘R’ stands for radial construction, which is the most common type of tyre today. Radial tyres have layers of fabric that run perpendicular to the direction of travel, providing better performance and comfort than the older bias-ply construction (denoted by ‘D’).

Wheel Diameter (16)

The number following the construction type represents the diameter of the wheel (in inches) that the tyre is designed to fit. In our example, ‘16’ indicates that this tyre is meant for a 16-inch wheel. It's crucial to match your tyres with the appropriate wheel size to ensure safety and functionality.

Load Index (100)

The load index is a numerical code that indicates the maximum load a tyre can carry. The load index of ‘100’ corresponds to a maximum load capacity of approximately 800 kg (about 1764 lbs) when the tyre is properly inflated. It's vital to ensure that the load index meets or exceeds the requirements for your vehicle. UK law mandates that tyres must be able to carry the vehicle's weight safely, considering passenger and cargo loads.

Speed Rating (H)

The final component is the speed rating, a letter denoting the maximum speed capability of the tyre under optimal conditions. In this case, ‘H’ indicates a permissible top speed of 130 mph (210 km/h). Choosing tyres with an appropriate speed rating is essential for ensuring safe performance; exceeding the speed rating can lead to tyre failure.

Additional Information On Tyre Labels

Beyond the main specifications, tyre labels also often feature other important information, such as:

DOT Code: This indicates that the tyre meets safety standards set by the Department of Transport. The DOT code also includes a four-digit number that reveals the week and year of manufacture, helping you to check the age of your tyres.


Treadwear Indicators: Look for indicators that signal when your tyre treads are worn down. When the tread wears down to the same level as these indicators, it’s time to consider replacing your tyres.


E-mark Or BSI Mark: These symbols show compliance with UK regulations and standards, ensuring the tyre is safe for use in the UK.


Legal Requirements In The UK

In the UK, certain regulations govern tyre safety.

According to the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations, all tyres must have a minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread. Failing to adhere to these regulations can lead to fines, points on your driving licence, and increased risk of accident.

Safety First!

Reading and understanding tyre specifications is not as daunting as it may initially seem.

By familiarising yourself with terms like width, aspect ratio, load index, and speed rating, you can ensure that the tyres you choose are suitable for your vehicle and driving style. Always remember to consult your vehicle’s manual and adhere to the legal requirements, ensuring your vehicle is fitted with the safest tyres for your journeys.

Making informed choices about your tyres not only enhances your driving experience but also prioritises safety for yourself and others on the road.

This article was produced by New Frontiers Marketing; a digital marketing agency based in South Devon, UK.