Role of Thermal Insulation

India is a tropical country where the ambient temperature varies from 25deg. to 45 deg. C and in some places even 50 deg. C whereas in winter the temperature varies from 20 to 100 deg. C or in some places even sub zero temp and in the humid areas it varies from 60 to 98 percent due to which high ambient and high humidity gives results of uncomfortable working conditions which causes lower productivity. Due to all this factors in India specially in Delhi where the temp. raises in summer and in winter it falls so there is need of Thermal insulation which is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. In industry, energy has to be expended to raise, lower, or maintain the temperature of objects or process fluids. If these are not insulated, this increases the energy requirements of a process, and therefore the cost and environmental impact.

Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body. The insulating capability of a material is measured with thermal conductivity. Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability.

Considerations regarding building and climate should be the average climate conditions in the geographical area that location and the temperature the area is used at.

Factors that affects the type and amount of insulation to used:

• Durability - resistance to degradation from compression, moisture, decomposition, etc
• moisture sensitivenes
• thermal conductivity
• compressive strength
• Toxicity

Flammability

The primary function of thermal insulation materials used to reduce the transmission of heat into the place. In the simplest terms we can say that Any material that offers resistance to heat transmission. Even the very best thermal insulation will not block heat completely. Every material will transfer some heat if a temperature gradient exists across it i.e. it has a higher temperature on one side than the other. Heat will always move from a hot region to a region that is less hot. In the simplest situation, as the heat moves, the hotter region will cool and the cooler region will increase in temperature.

Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials. Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of differing temperature. The most common thermal insulation materialswhich used for building are:

• PUR or Polyurethane which can be used as solid plates and as a foam spray.
• PIR or Poly Isocyanate which is more improved against fire than PUR. PIR creates less flue gases but is still highly flammable.
• ROCKWOOL is fireproof, even against temperatures above 1000°C and it also ensures an excellent sound insulation.
• EPS which also known as Expended Polystyrene etc.

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