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Biometric Systems Powering National Identification Programs Worldwide
Posted: Jun 03, 2015
In the absence of a robust identification system in a country, its citizens often grapple to exercise their fundamental rights, take advantage of services provided by the government for financial & physical security, and participate in the electoral events. It becomes extremely difficult for government agencies to ensure that the welfare funding has reached the right beneficiaries. Biometric systems such as fingerprint and iris scanners are appreciably far more accurate, secure, and thus reliable than the tradition identification methods. Also, they are capable of providing an auditable trail of transactions with the highest degree of accuracy.
National identification program when coupled with biometrics not only provide documentation of citizens, but it also plays an imperative role in driving economic reforms and human welfare efforts in a country. These programs become even more important in those underdeveloped or poorly administrated countries where citizens do not possess any authenticatable identification documents such as birth certificates. With increased internet & mobile coverage, these biometric-based programs could reach out to the farthest corners for providing relevant financial & welfare services.
At the moment, the biggest example of national identification program comes from India where Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has the responsibility to provide a unique identification number (Aadhaar) to every resident of India. Out of India's population of 1.28 billion (128 crore), UIDAI has already enrolled 81.89 crore residents within this program. UIDAI uses fingerprints (of all 10 fingers), iris scan of both eyes, and a digital image to distinguish among enrolled residents. UIDAI provided fingerprint scanners are used by the government offices as biometric attendance systems. Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) is used to certify fingerprint devices which meet the technical specification laid down by the UIDAI.
Border security and immigration offices of many countries now require you to have a biometric card. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) & Biometric Residence Permit in the UK are two such prominent programs that need biometric identification for immigrants. Biometric passport which is commonly known as ePassport also makes use of biometrics where fingerprint, iris & facial recognition scanners at the airports check the authenticity of passports. Some countries like New Zealand have already made using epassports mandatory to visit several countries.
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