Work at the beginning of the Universe is the creation of matter

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Work indeed, since this involves the creation of an asymmetric energy state, matter, from a symmetric one, light. Subsequently, the separation of the particles against their mutual gravitational attraction conforms to the more usual definition of "work" in thermodynamic terms.

The creation of matter requires an exceedingly hot and energy-dense environment, which is reason enough to believe that the Universe began in a state of extreme energy density and temperature. The Universe has expanded and cooled ever since the initial explosion, and because the galaxies continue to separate due to the entropic expansion of space, the Universe will never again be hot enough to create matter (unless it collapses gravitationally in the so-called Big Crunch.

This expansion and cooling is the primordial spatial entropy of the Universe, driven by the intrinsic motion of light. "Velocity c" is therefore the entropy drive/gauge of free electromagnetic energy, and this is the same gauge which regulates the creation of the spatial conservation domain of light. Therefore we could say that the function of entropy is evidently to provide a dimensional conservation domain for its energy type, in which energy can be simultaneously used and conserved.

In the case of matter, or bound energy, the entropy drive is "velocity T", the intrinsic motion of matter's time dimension, regulating the creation of the historic conservation domain of information and matter's "causal matrix", the temporal analog of space. The historic domain gets older and its information is diluted and decays, space gets larger and colder and its capacity for work declines. Both intrinsic motion c and T are effectively "infinite" velocities; "infinite" velocities are necessary to seal the borders of their dimensional conservation domains, preventing any violations of causality or energy conservation via fast "space ship" or "time machine". The "infinite" velocity is the entropy gauge, guaranteeing the irretrievable loss of entropy-energy in space (radiant heat) and/or time (opportunity). Only an "infinite" velocity could make such an absolute guarantee, and only an absolute guarantee will satisfy the 1st law of thermodynamics. In its turn, gravity, which we may consider to be the entropy conversion gauge ("intrinsic motion G"), seals the borders of its spacetime domain (against "wormholes") through the "event horizon" (where g = c) and the "central singularity" of black holes.

There are several ways to view the role of gravity in this mix, which also presents itself as a dimensional force with intrinsic motion "G", creating spaceentropy:

a. Gravity is a conservation force converting either form of entropy drive and domain into the other (converting space to time and matter to light) in a "minimum-energy" role, creating spaceentropy, the joint dimensional conservation domain of free and bound energy. The entropy gauges/drives of light and matter (c and T) must be metric equivalents, an equilibration accomplished through the gravitational conversion of space to time;

b. Gravity is the passive consequence of the intrinsic motion of entropy, a orimordial force - therefore, the conservation role of gravity is actually attributable to time, especially in regard to the creation of matter's temporal/causal inertial status and historic spaceentropy, the latter functioning as the conservation domain of matter's "causal matrix";

c. Gravity is an active "primary" force pursuing a symmetry debt (the loss of the "non-local" distributional symmetry of light's energy throughout space), which gravity repays by converting bound energy to free energy in quasars, in the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars, and in Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes;

It is significant to note that in the absence of matter, a Universe composed only of light would rapidly become cold, dark, and boring, so swift is the intrinsic motion of light, and consequently so efficient is its entropic vitiation of free energy's potential for work. Storing the energy of light in matter allows the Universe to live for a very much longer time and to become quite an interesting place. The free energy stored in atoms is immense, as Einstein realized in his famous equation E = mc2, and can be slowly released in stars which, if similar to our Sun, can burn quietly for many billion years. This stellar activity is all due to the negative entropy of gravity, entropy-energy obtained from the expansion of space, which decelerates accordingly. In the Sun, gravity converts space to time, conserving/transforming light's entropy drive and domain, and simultaneously converts mass to light, conserving/restoring light's "non-local" symmetric energy state. The gravitational restoration of light's symmetric energy state goes to completion in Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes.

The intrinsic motion of matter's time dimension does not destroy the capacity of matter's energy content to do work, since unlike light, matter does not participate in the entropic expansion of its own conservation domain, historic spacetime, and better called "spaceentropy". Matter remains stationary in the course of entropy. It is matter's entropy dimension which moves and expands into historic spaceentropy and thus causing a time arrow, carrying with it matter's information content and "causal matrix", but leaving behind matter itself in the " Universal Present Moment" while forming history. It makes it possible that a past anyway exists.

The function of historic spaceentropy is to conserve matter's causal matrix, maintaining the temporal connectivity between past and present, and thus the reality of both. The energy content of atoms is not degraded by the expansion of history because atoms do not participate in the expansion; only fission, fusion, particle and proton decay, strong gravitational fields, and the "quantum radiance" of black holes have any significant effect upon the rest-mass energy of matter.

Thus proximally, the positive entropy of expanding space is providing the energy for gravity's negative entropy drive - but what gravity is really does is using that energy to produce matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space. Entropy, in turn, produces a dimension of positive time (history), so ultimately, gravity takes one form of positive entropy (the intrinsic motion of light and space), and converts it to an alternative form of positive entropy (the intrinsic motion of matter's time dimension and history). Gravity is just the "middleman" brokering the exchange from space's entropy account to history's entropy account, producing a metrically equilibrated spaceentropy into the bargain. Entropy is therefore conserved (in metrically equivalent terms) in transformations of free to bound energy, and vice versa.

Dr. Volkmar Guido Hable was trained as a physicist and geoscientist and holds a Ph.D. in Geosciences and a B.S. in Agriculture and Agronomics. After graduation, however, he took a slightly different career path and entered the financial world.