SQL literature review and proposal

History of Database Management Systems

Database management systems (DBMS) have history categorized into a series of two issues the mainframe database management systems the relational database management systems. The first mainframe database management system got invented in the 1960’s and 1970’s. The launching of the mainframe based database followed by the launching of the relational database management systems in 1880’s (Wilton, & Colby, 2005). The relational database management systems dominated the software development process making leading to the prominence of the relational database in the 1980's and 1990’s (Wilton, & Colby, 2005). The launching of database management systems contributed to the growth and development of software-producing industries. The database management systems implement the major role in the industry by supporting the process of data and information communication. The DBMS support the online transaction processing. The implementation of the DBMS in the industries led to the construction the online and batch processing applications (Wilton, & Colby, 2005). The DBMS has continually undergone the process of transformation leading to the reduction in cost and time in an effective manner. The database management systems and the data communication systems became the foundation building of most core applications in industries and major government agencies. The DBMS has become the core engine in that the industrial analysts and programmers consider DBMS software products more technological and business oriented (Pallaw, 2010).

Figure 1: DBMS architecture framework

The Significance of DBMS

1. The DBMS provide an effective and efficient way of writing and programming complex applications without implementing the coding procedures for the data accessing and the retrieval functions for each application (The United States, 1987).
2. DBMS provide the simple standards for sharing data and information among different applications and different users. The systems of communication among different programs and platforms get utilized through the common procedures that give friendly user interface framework. The framework promotes online transaction processing; that promote easy implementing, testing and maintaining of the DBMS (Jones, et al…, 2005).
3. DBMS is highly portable and provides the most effective compatibility solutions with the future technology. The customers can move transactions from one application to another, the manufacturers of system devices have capability of changing from one operating system to another (Jones, et al…, 2005).
4. DBMS support the random accessing and sequential accessing of devices within the connected network without having to worry about the architectural differences (Jones, et al…, 2005).

History of SQL

Sequential Query Language (SQL) to the programming language applied in the development of the databases. SQL is a programming language used to access and manage using specific queries and procedures. SQL programming language has application in the implementation of the database sublanguage applied to manage, organize and retrieve data from the relational database (Kriegel, & Trukhnov, 2011). SQL provides the database programs to formulate the codes for retrieving, modifying, and managing the relational databases used in industries. SQL provides a set of commands that get implemented within the code to facilitate changes in viewing data and information and entering the data in relational databases (Shajahan, & Priyadharshini, 2004). SQL provides unique DBMS development characteristics like encouraging the experimentation with existing data and information. SQL is procedural DBMS development language that provides specific queries for retrieving data in SQL, which are completely separate from parameters for modifying data. The structure enables the end user to use a specific data retrieval query without thinking about the aspect of damaging the data. The database is structured to the front end, the back end and the middleware programming techniques (Lakshman, 2008). The middle ware architecture ensures high-level user satisfaction and meets the requirements required by the user through integrating front end and the back end. The middleware hides the complexity of the DBMS from the end user and presents easy cognitive and interactive platform to the user (Kriegel, & Trukhnov, 2011).

SQL has powerful features that guarantee user-friendly interface. The SQL databases are easy to use since the codes for managing and retrieving data can easily get embedded with other programming languages. The SQL programming language support dynamic web page applications. The dynamic web page support is a peculiar feature that it is adapted to most of the database vendors to implement standard websites for industrial and business support. SQL is the standard language that supports other programming languages like PHP, JavaScript, C++ and other related coding languages (Roman,1999). The different programming languages implementation in the databases supports easy user communication with the back end side of the relational databases. SQL is easy to learn because it has only a few types of statements to perform basic queries. The language applied is English like based thus giving the easy user time to memorize comprehend and use the platform. SQL databases ensure balancing of three qualities of the software development lifecycle such as the high level of performance, easier integration with other platforms and the organization management (Wilton, & Colby, 2005).

Proposal

My primary interest is learning the programming of SQL. I would like to make improvements in the normalization process. I would like to understand the full concept of normalizing tables to eliminate the redundancy of data and information in the databases. I shall focus on developing relational databases that improves the area of difficulty at relationships between the pieces of data and duplicate rows and columns within a single table. In my internship research study, I shall develop SQL with good performance and integrity. My project shall implement databases without issues that shall exhibit high-level integrity by which the data remains consistent after update and performs fast as desired. The internship process shall implement the proposed database system in four iterations of the proposal. The planning phase, the action phase, the observation phase, and the reflection phase. The following stages shall guide the development and the implementation process.

The Orientation

The orientation stage involved the introduction in real time business operations for internship research process. The company, the human resource personnel, introduced me to the company departments. During the orientation process, I was introduced to the IT manager. The IT manager allocated me to one of the offices in the department of research and innovations. The orientation involved an introduction to the IT policies and standards. I got also introduced to the IT code of ethics with the resolution to major areas of etiquette.

The Training

The training process involved the introduction to the Procedural Programming sequential query language (PL/ SQL) and the related programming languages embedded in the SQL. The training also incorporated the Oracle database and other programming languages like the Ada, IBM, and DB2. The training also involved the teaching on processing the SQL statement.

The Reviewing System and End-user Requirements

The iteration incorporated the analysis of the existing system to identify the changes required in the proposed system. The stage also involved the use of preliminary study analysis to determine the nature of the system that the end user requires.

Implementation of the Proposed Project

The iteration involved the process of applying the code to the system through the use of the SQL programming language. The code implemented the back-end platform and also coded the front end platform for the data and the information processing. The stage also implemented the code for the middleware platform to act as the link between the user and the system.

Backup and Installation Procedures

The stage involved the transformation of the designed system into the organization departments. The system attained installation into the business by testing and debugging process. The DBMS got also validated and verified provide information on whether the system met the end user needs. The company directors, officials, and managers approved the system.

References

Jones, A., Stephens, R. K., & Plew, R. R. (2005). SQL Functions Programmer's Reference.

Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

Kriegel, A., & Trukhnov, B. M. (2011). Discovering SQL: A hands-on guide for beginners.

Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley Pub

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