The Ultimate Guide to Cloud Technologies.

Cloud computing is a model for providing ubiquitous and convenient network access on-demand to a common pool of configurable computing resources (for example, data networks, servers, storage devices, applications and services, both together and separately) which can be promptly provided and released with minimal operating costs and/or calls to the provider.

Cloud Computing Characteristics

Self Service on Demand (Self Service on Demand) - the consumer independently determines and changes computing needs, such as server time, access and data processing speeds, the amount of stored data without interacting with a service provider representative.

Universal network access - services are available to consumers over a data network, regardless of the terminal device used.

Resource Pooling (English Resource Pooling)- the service provider integrates resources to serve a large number of consumers into a single pool for dynamic redistribution of capacity between consumers in the context of a constant change in demand for capacity; however, consumers only control the main parameters of the service (for example, data volume, access speed), but the actual distribution of resources provided to the consumer is performed by the provider (in some cases, consumers can still manage some physical parameters of redistribution, for example, specify the desired data center for reasons of geographical proximity).

Elasticity - services can be provided, expanded, narrowed at any time, without additional costs for interaction with the supplier, as a rule, in automatic mode.

Consumption metering - the service provider automatically calculates the resources consumed at a certain level of abstraction (for example, the amount of stored data, bandwidth, number of users, a number of transactions), and on the basis of this data estimates the volume of services provided to consumers.

Cloud Service Models

Software as a service (SaaS, English Software-as-a-Service) - a model in which the consumer is given the opportunity to use the application software of the provider operating in the cloud infrastructure and available from various client devices or through a thin client, for example, from a browser (for example, webmail) or a program interface. The main physical and virtual cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities (with the exception of a limited set of user application configuration settings), is controlled and managed by the cloud provider. Currently, the Cloud ERP system has been widely used among enterprises instead of traditional ERP systems.

Platform as a service (PaaS, Eng. Platform-as-a-Service)- a model where the consumer is given the opportunity to use the cloud infrastructure to host the basic software for the subsequent placement of new or existing applications (own, custom-made or purchased replicated applications). The composition of such platforms includes tools for creating, testing and executing application software — database management systems, middleware, programming language execution environments — provided by the cloud provider. The main physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including the network, servers, operating systems, storage, is controlled and managed by the cloud provider, except for developed or installed applications, and, if possible.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS, IaaS or Infrastructure-as-a-Service)- it is provided as an opportunity to use the cloud infrastructure for the independent management of processing, storage, networks and other fundamental computing resources, for example, a user can install and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems, platform and application software. The consumer can control operating systems, virtual storage systems, and installed applications, as well as limited control over the range of available services (for example, firewall, DNS). Control and management of the main physical and virtual cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, types of operating systems used, and storage systems is carried out by the cloud provider.

Cloud Technology Models

Private cloud is an infrastructure designed for use by one organization that includes several consumers (for example, divisions of one organization), possibly also by customers and contractors of this organization. A private cloud can be owned, managed and operated by the organization itself or by a third party (or any a combination thereof), and it can physically exist both inside and outside the jurisdiction of the owner.

Public Cloud infrastructure designed for free use by the general public. The public cloud may be owned, managed and operated by commercial, scientific and governmental organizations (or any combination thereof). The public cloud physically exists in the jurisdiction of the owner of the service provider.

Hybrid Cloud is a combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures (private, public or communal) that remain unique objects, but interconnected by standardized or private data transfer technologies and applications (for example, short-term use of public cloud resources for load balancing between clouds).

Public Cloud (English Community Cloud) a type of infrastructure designed to be used by a particular consumer community from organizations that have common tasks (for example, mission, security requirements, policies, and compliance with various requirements). The public cloud may be in a cooperative (joint) ownership, management, and operation of one or more of the community organizations or a third party (or some combination of them), and it may physically exist both inside and outside the jurisdiction of the owner.

Economic aspects

When using cloud computing, information technology consumers can significantly reduce capital costs on building data centers, purchasing servers, and network equipment, hardware and software solutions to ensure continuity and operability since these costs are absorbed by the cloud service provider. In addition, the long-term construction and commissioning of large information technology infrastructure facilities and their high initial cost limit the ability of consumers to respond flexibly to market demands, while cloud technologies provide the ability to almost instantly respond to the increasing demand for computing power.

When using cloud computing, consumer costs are shifted towards operating - thus, the costs of cloud service providers are classified. The economic component of cloud computing depends upon the usage of the user. Networks that are easily accessible are paid as per user utilization.

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