What are the processes of Water purification

Water treatment is performed in various industries, including food, to obtain clean and purified water that is clean for use. Waste is removed from the water. The process involves various steps including adding a flocculant and a coagulant such as 30% PAC to the water to purify it. This process is designed to provide clean water to the food industry that can be used in their work. The treatment is also used in other industries such as pharmaceuticals, medicine and chemistry, where similar treatment processes are used to remove concentrations of contaminants such as fungi, viruses, algae, bacteria, parasites, and particles suspended in water. In the food industry, water treatment begins with water pretreatment. Pretreatment removes chemicals, biological contaminants and other materials from the water. It consists of three main steps: Screening Large materials and debris such as debris and rods are removed from the surface during the screening process. Screening should be done when taking water from rivers and lakes. Surface waters are more likely to be contaminated, and pre-treatment may include adding chemicals to the water to control bacterial growth in tanks and pipelines. It can also include a sand filter stage to encourage suspended solids to settle to the bottom of the container. A screening process, a pretreatment process in which sodium carbonate is added to water with a higher mineral content, a step in which chemicals are introduced into the water to remove calcium carbonate, one of the main ingredients in marine life.This step transforms hard water, leaving behind mineral deposits that can clog pipes, to achieve a soft water consistency. Pre-chlorinationThis is the final stage of the pretreatment process in which chlorine chemicals is added to the water, which may contain higher concentrations of naturally occurring organic matter. This step is done to disinfect the water before proceeding to the next steps. Stages of the water purification processCoagulation and coagulation During coagulation, positively charged chemicals are added to the water to help neutralize negative charges. These negative charges are often trapped in solids, including dissolved organic materials, clay, and dirt. It is mainly used as a coagulant and coagulant and comes in the form of a pale yellow or white PAC powder. It has a higher flocculation rate and faster settling. It does not corrode piping equipment and can also remove heavy metal ions. Once the charge is neutralized, larger particles are created with the added chemical. It is a gentle mixing process in which microorganisms collide and bind together to form suspended particles known as flakes, which continually increase in size due to further mixing and eventually acquire the strength and size suitable for the next step. Residual material The settling stage occurs when the pathogenic microorganisms are suspended and the substance settles to the bottom of the container. The longer the solids fall to the bottom of the water tank, the longer it remains untouched. Coagulation makes settling more efficient, making the materials heavier and coarser, causing them to sink quickly. If the water is treated for community water supply, this step should be continuous over large catchments. Sedimentation is a simple and inexpensive step prior to the sterilization and filtration steps. The next step is filtration to remove microscopic dissolved particles still in the water, including bacteria, viruses, chemicals, parasites, and dust particles. Water passes through particles of a substance that differ in composition and size. Coal, gravel and sand are commonly used. Institutions often use slow sand filtration to eliminate digestive upsets caused by bacteria. This filtration combines chemical, physical and biological processes in one step. The filtration stage is mainly used in countries with sufficient resources to treat a larger volume of water. This is an expensive and complicated procedure.

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