Titanium Grade 2 Round Bars Specification: Complete Technical Guide

Titanium Grade 2 round bars are among the most widely used commercially pure titanium products in industrial applications. Known for their excellent corrosion resistance, moderate strength, and outstanding formability, Grade 2 titanium offers an ideal balance between performance and cost.

This blog presents a technically accurate overview of Titanium Grade 2 round bar specifications, based strictly on established ASTM, ASME, and international material standards.

1. What is Titanium Grade 2?

Titanium Grade 2 is a commercially pure (CP) titanium and is classified as:

• UNS R50400

• Titanium Grade 2 (ASTM designation)

It belongs to the group of commercially pure titanium grades (Grades 1–4), with Grade 2 offering a balanced combination of strength and ductility. It is the most commonly used titanium grade in industrial environments.

2. Chemical Composition of Titanium Grade 2

According to ASTM B348 (Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets), the typical chemical composition limits for Grade 2 are:

ElementMaximum (%)Nitrogen (N)0.03Carbon (C)0.08Hydrogen (H)0.015Iron (Fe)0.30Oxygen (O)0.25Titanium (Ti)Balance

These controlled impurity levels allow Titanium Grade 2 to maintain good ductility while offering higher strength than Grade 1.

3. Standards for Titanium Grade 2 Round Bars

Titanium Grade 2 round bars are manufactured under internationally recognized standards, including:

• ASTM B348 – Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets

• ASME SB348 – ASME equivalent for pressure vessel applications

• ASTM B265 – Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (related product form)

For round bars specifically, the applicable specification is:

• ASTM B348 Grade 2 (UNS R50400)

These standards define chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, and inspection requirements.

4. Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)

As specified in ASTM B348 for Grade 2 titanium (annealed condition):

PropertyMinimum ValueTensile Strength345 MPaYield Strength (0.2% offset)275 MPaElongation20%

These values provide a combination of moderate strength and excellent ductility, suitable for forming and machining.

5. Physical Properties PropertyApproximate ValueDensity4.51 g/cm³Melting Point~1660°CModulus of Elasticity103 GPaThermal Conductivity~16 W/m·K at 20°CElectrical Resistivity~0.42 µΩ·m at 20°C

Titanium Grade 2 has roughly 60% of the density of steel, making it ideal for weight-sensitive applications.

6. Corrosion Resistance

Titanium Grade 2 offers excellent resistance to:

• Seawater and marine atmospheres

• Chloride solutions

• Oxidizing acids (such as nitric acid)

• Industrial chemical environments

• Wet chlorine environments

Its corrosion resistance is due to the formation of a stable and protective titanium oxide (TiO₂) surface layer.

7. Fabrication and Welding

Titanium Grade 2 round bars:

• Can be cold-formed and hot-formed

• Offer good machinability compared to higher-strength titanium alloys

• Are weldable using standard processes such as GTAW (TIG) and GMAW (MIG), with proper shielding

Because it is commercially pure titanium, it does not require heat treatment for strengthening; its properties are achieved through cold working.

8. Available Sizes and Supply Condition

Under ASTM B348, Titanium Grade 2 round bars are supplied in:

• Hot-rolled condition

• Cold-finished condition

• Annealed condition

Diameters range from small precision bars to large forged diameters, depending on manufacturer capability. Dimensional tolerances are governed by ASTM B348.

9. Applications of Titanium Grade 2 Round Bars

Due to its corrosion resistance and favorable strength-to-weight ratio, Titanium Grade 2 round bars are widely used in:

• Chemical processing equipment

• Marine components

• Heat exchangers

• Desalination plants

• Oil and gas equipment

• Medical components

• Aerospace structural parts (non-high-strength critical)

It is especially valuable in environments where corrosion resistance is more critical than ultra-high strength.

10. Key Advantages of Titanium Grade 2 Round Bars

• Excellent corrosion resistance

• High strength-to-weight ratio

• Good ductility and formability

• Non-magnetic

• Biocompatible

• Good weldability

Conclusion

Titanium Grade 2 round bars (UNS R50400), manufactured according to ASTM B348 and ASME SB348, provide a dependable solution for corrosion-resistant and lightweight structural applications. With controlled impurity content, moderate mechanical strength, and exceptional resistance to marine and chemical environments, Grade 2 remains the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade.

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