Atrial fibrillation (AFib), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affects millions worldwide, with projections estimating up to 16 million cases in the United States by 2050. Characterized by irregular...

The human foot is a marvel of biomechanical engineering, comprising 26 bones, 33 joints, and over 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This complex structure supports the entire body, absorbs shock...

Ball of foot pain, medically referred to as metatarsalgia, is a common condition characterized by discomfort or pain in the area just below the toes, where the metatarsal bones connect to the toes...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects older adults, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Beyond its hallmark...

Toe walking, characterized by walking on the toes or the balls of the feet without heel contact with the ground, is a common gait abnormality observed in various populations, including individuals...

The Austin bunionectomy, also known as the Austin osteotomy, is a widely performed surgical procedure designed to correct hallux valgus, commonly referred to as a bunion. A bunion is a bony deformity...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. As one of the most common...

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, in genetically predisposed individuals. It affects approximately...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential fusion of the vertebrae. Recent...

The Achilles tendon, one of the strongest and most critical tendons in the human body, connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus). This tendon facilitates...

The accessory navicular, also known as os naviculare accessorium, is a congenital anatomical variant characterized by an extra bone or cartilage located on the medial side of the foot, adjacent to the...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation and tissue damage across multiple organ systems. The condition arises from the immune system...

IntroductionThe human gait, a complex and coordinated sequence of movements, is fundamental to locomotion and has been extensively studied to understand both normal and pathological biomechanics. One...

Toe straighteners are specialized devices designed to realign and correct the positioning of the toes. They are often made from flexible materials such as silicone or gel, allowing them to gently...

Pain in the feet, ankles, or knees can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, often leading to limitations in mobility and daily activities. This discomfort can stem from various...